{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1663958606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs14349j","title":"Time Since Discharge of Shotguns","display_name":"Time Since Discharge of Shotguns","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1663958606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs14349j","mag":"1663958606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1520/jfs14349j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs14349j","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs14349j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62072220","display_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"0022-1198","issn":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008489520","display_name":"Jan Andrasko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154266","display_name":"Swedish National Forensic Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04dgdk605","country_code":"SE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154266"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Andrasko","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKL, National Laboratory of Forensic Science 1 , S-58194 Linkoping, Sweden "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKL, National Laboratory of Forensic Science 1 , S-58194 Linkoping, Sweden ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"T Norberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154266","display_name":"Swedish National Forensic Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04dgdk605","country_code":"SE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154266"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Norberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKL, National Laboratory of Forensic Science 1 , S-58194 Linkoping, Sweden "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKL, National Laboratory of Forensic Science 1 , S-58194 Linkoping, Sweden ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036500303","display_name":"S St\u00e5hling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154266","display_name":"Swedish National Forensic Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04dgdk605","country_code":"SE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154266"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S St\u00e5hling","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKL, National Laboratory of Forensic Science 1 , S-58194 Linkoping, Sweden "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKL, National Laboratory of Forensic Science 1 , S-58194 Linkoping, Sweden ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154266"],"apc_list":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96770869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"5","first_page":"1005","last_page":"1015"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.7900000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.7900000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10180","display_name":"Analytical chemistry methods development","score":0.10599999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.03319999948143959,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion-products","display_name":"combustion products","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-phase-microextraction","display_name":"solid-phase microextraction","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammunition-types","display_name":"ammunition types","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storage-temperature-effects","display_name":"storage temperature effects","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gunshot-residue-analysis","display_name":"gunshot residue analysis","score":0.47999998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554616519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185785","display_name":"Ammunition","level":2,"score":0.9235880374908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172227984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400397","display_name":"Barrel (horology)","level":2,"score":0.668093204498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781434637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486396","display_name":"Shotgun","level":3,"score":0.5698334574699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5011537075042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34381374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37144","display_name":"Cartridge","level":2,"score":0.47674641013145447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.469372034072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4299086928367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34264349937438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2807685136795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2598918676376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2411770224571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11041015386581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09359574317932129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1520/jfs14349j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs14349j","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs14349j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62072220","display_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"0022-1198","issn":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175648601","https://openalex.org/W1488152588","https://openalex.org/W1968060184","https://openalex.org/W1987308636","https://openalex.org/W2051898300","https://openalex.org/W2060666888","https://openalex.org/W4231691592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W21370476","https://openalex.org/W331595827","https://openalex.org/W60663706","https://openalex.org/W1895700511","https://openalex.org/W2793592439","https://openalex.org/W2561528853","https://openalex.org/W2036196456","https://openalex.org/W1967474728","https://openalex.org/W2561695893","https://openalex.org/W2159178004"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1],"method":[2,18,135],"for":[3,97,124],"estimation":[4,55],"of":[5,12,56,67,69,80,94,177,183,198,200],"the":[6,9,28,31,41,54,59,65,70,75,83,87,92,98,102,117,130,134,175,179,181,186,190,196,201],"time":[7,57],"since":[8,58],"latest":[10,60],"discharge":[11,61,72],"a":[13,78,145],"shotgun":[14,32],"is":[15,19,62,90,105],"presented.":[16],"This":[17],"based":[20,63],"on":[21,64],"SPME":[22,193],"(Solid":[23],"Phase":[24],"Micro-Extraction)":[25],"sampling":[26,194],"from":[27,74],"atmosphere":[29],"inside":[30],"barrel.":[33],"Two":[34],"analytical":[35],"systems":[36,48],"were":[37,171],"used":[38,85],"in":[39,86,137],"parallel,":[40],"GC/TEA":[42],"and":[43,53,101,116,195],"GC/FID(MS)":[44],"system.":[45],"These":[46],"two":[47],"detect":[49],"various":[50],"combustion":[51],"products":[52],"rate":[66],"escape":[68],"volatile":[71],"residues":[73],"barrel":[76],"as":[77,174],"function":[79],"time.":[81],"If":[82],"ammunition":[84,104,126],"suspect":[88],"firearm":[89,100],"known,":[91],"use":[93],"decay":[95,121],"curves":[96,122],"actual":[99,103],"fairly":[106],"straightforward.":[107],"For":[108],"unknown":[109],"ammunition,":[110],"repective":[111],"samplings":[112],"must":[113],"be":[114],"performed":[115],"results":[118],"fitted":[119],"to":[120,129,151,155,189],"obtained":[123],"other":[125],"types":[127],"according":[128],"proposed":[131],"procedure.":[132],"Generally,":[133],"presented":[136],"this":[138],"study":[139],"can":[140],"give":[141],"an":[142],"indication":[143],"whether":[144],"weapon":[146],"was":[147],"fired,":[148,185],"e.g.,":[149],"2":[150,156],"3":[152,161],"days,":[153],"1":[154],"weeks,":[157],"or":[158],"more":[159],"than":[160],"weeks":[162],"ago.":[163],"Some":[164],"factors":[165],"that":[166],"may":[167],"impact":[168],"data":[169],"interpretation":[170],"studied,":[172],"such":[173],"effect":[176,197],"cleaning":[178],"barrel,":[180],"number":[182],"shots":[184],"eventual":[187],"disturbance":[188],"system":[191],"by":[192],"temperature":[199],"storage.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
