{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1662368540","doi":null,"title":"Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought","display_name":"Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1662368540","mag":"1662368540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.30.1277","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.30.1277","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.pgrad.inpe.br/~linhares/Hofstadter.ps","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072338864","display_name":"Douglas R. Hofstadter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Douglas R. Hofstadter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University. Bloomington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University. Bloomington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072338864"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.143,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":523,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98078717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.5820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.5820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.1720999926328659,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.05310000106692314,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-understanding","display_name":"machine understanding","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/douglas-hofstadter","display_name":"Douglas Hofstadter","score":0.8169999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.7461563348770142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6388759613037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.618018627166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.6145395040512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4184659719467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40153998136520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36743229627609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3672277331352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.12882858514785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.30.1277","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.30.1277","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.pgrad.inpe.br/~linhares/Hofstadter.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:396426","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/396426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:1662368540","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=525377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462897","display_name":"Basic Books","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Basic Books, Inc","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W185797549","https://openalex.org/W4246493634","https://openalex.org/W7100609513","https://openalex.org/W4362521979","https://openalex.org/W7203999534","https://openalex.org/W4396779282","https://openalex.org/W1871890590","https://openalex.org/W4231465351","https://openalex.org/W2739682253","https://openalex.org/W4298085098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Where":[0],"does":[1,21],"meaning":[2],"enter":[3],"the":[4,28,35,59,70,88],"picture":[5],"in":[6],"artificial":[7,38],"intelligence?":[8],"How":[9],"can":[10],"we":[11],"say":[12],"that":[13,64,95],"a":[14],"machine":[15],"possesses":[16],"understanding?":[17],"Where,":[18],"and":[19,30,63,69],"how,":[20],"such":[22],"understanding":[23,92],"happen?":[24],"These":[25],"are":[26],"among":[27],"deepest":[29],"hardest":[31],"questions":[32],"faced":[33],"by":[34],"field":[36],"of":[37],"intelligence,":[39],"which,":[40],"as":[41],"many":[42],"claim,":[43],"has":[44],"not":[45],"yielded":[46],"much":[47],"about":[48],"them":[49],"so":[50],"far.":[51],"But":[52],"some":[53,79],"results":[54],"may":[55],"be":[56],"just":[57],"around":[58],"corner":[60],"to":[61],"some,":[62],"group":[65],"includes":[66],"Douglas":[67],"Hofstadter":[68],"Fluid":[71],"Analogies":[72],"Research":[73],"Group.":[74],"They":[75],"have":[76],"been":[77],"developing":[78],"insightful":[80],"analogy":[81],"problem":[82],"solving":[83],"systems":[84,107],"-":[85,94],"based":[86],"on":[87,105],"HEARSAY":[89],"II":[90],"speech":[91],"architecture":[93],"really":[96],"deserve":[97],"notice.":[98],"We":[99],"review":[100],"their":[101],"recent":[102],"book":[103],"reporting":[104],"these":[106],"here.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":28}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}