{"id":"https://openalex.org/W165678669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1944.02850060066032","title":"Pictorial Life History of the Apothecary Chemist, Carl Wilhelm Scheele","display_name":"Pictorial Life History of the Apothecary Chemist, Carl Wilhelm Scheele","publication_year":1944,"publication_date":"1944-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W165678669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1944.02850060066032","mag":"165678669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.1944.02850060066032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1944.02850060066032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1944.02850060066032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031890958","display_name":"George Urdang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Urdang, George, 1882-1960","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031890958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00684638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"124","issue":"6","first_page":"396","last_page":"396"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13297","display_name":"History and advancements in chemistry","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carl-wilhelm-scheele","display_name":"Carl Wilhelm Scheele","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-pharmacy","display_name":"history of pharmacy","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/18th-century-chemistry","display_name":"18th-century chemistry","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discovery-of-oxygen","display_name":"discovery of oxygen","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-compounds","display_name":"chemical compounds","score":0.628000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8834909200668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4529392719268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108516343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189553","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology","level":2,"score":0.41234827041625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3530787229537964}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.1944.02850060066032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1944.02850060066032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1944.02850060066032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kb.osu.edu:1811/28946","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1811/28946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402304","display_name":"The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","host_organization_name":"The Ohio State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2304748511","https://openalex.org/W4252991720","https://openalex.org/W6980420604","https://openalex.org/W6989451901","https://openalex.org/W2037684241","https://openalex.org/W1595148925","https://openalex.org/W2947646235","https://openalex.org/W571734281","https://openalex.org/W593358147","https://openalex.org/W2355791537"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0],"the":[1,4,8,13,17,27,41,54,61,79,90,99,109,128,144,149],"auspices":[2],"of":[3,7,10,20,26,40,64,73,101,113,118,146],"American":[5,14],"Institute":[6],"History":[9],"Pharmacy":[11],"and":[12,52,77,89,108,111,125,127],"Pharmaceutical":[15],"Association,":[16],"life":[18],"history":[19],"Carl":[21],"Wilhelm":[22],"Scheele,":[23],"apothecary":[24,51],"chemist":[25],"eighteenth":[28],"century,":[29],"has":[30],"been":[31],"presented":[32],"in":[33,92],"booklet":[34,44,80],"form":[35],"by":[36],"George":[37],"Urdang,":[38],"director":[39],"institute.":[42],"The":[43],"is":[45,137],"a":[46,57,138],"tribute":[47,58],"to":[48,53,69,85],"this":[49,122],"outstanding":[50],"pharmacy":[55],"profession,":[56],"which":[59,93,119],"reveals":[60],"true":[62],"status":[63],"early":[65],"pharmacy.":[66],"In":[67],"addition":[68],"presenting":[70],"an":[71],"outline":[72],"Scheele's":[74],"activities,":[75],"discoveries":[76],"recognitions,":[78],"offers":[81],"many":[82,106],"pictures":[83],"pertaining":[84],"his":[86,134],"life,":[87],"associates":[88],"districts":[91],"he":[94],"lived.":[95],"His":[96],"achievements":[97],"include":[98],"discovery":[100],"chlorine,":[102],"manganese,":[103],"oxygen,":[104],"ammonia,":[105],"acids,":[107],"purification":[110],"identification":[112],"numerous":[114],"chemical":[115],"compounds,":[116],"all":[117],"clearly":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"man's":[123],"curiosity":[124],"research":[126],"valuable":[129],"practical":[130],"applications":[131],"that":[132,140],"followed":[133],"discoveries.":[135],"It":[136],"tragedy":[139],"death":[141],"terminated":[142],"at":[143],"age":[145],"44":[147],"years":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}