{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1652608","doi":null,"title":"Modelling of galactic cosmic ray electrons in the heliosphere","display_name":"Modelling of galactic cosmic ray electrons in the heliosphere","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1652608","mag":"1652608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/7034","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7034","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7034","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7034","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036849341","display_name":"Rendani Nndanganeni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1117-7306","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1117-7306"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rendani Nndanganeni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1117-7306","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036849341"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heliosphere","display_name":"heliosphere","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heliopause","display_name":"heliopause","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-modulation","display_name":"solar modulation","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-interstellar-spectrum","display_name":"local interstellar spectrum","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voyager-1","display_name":"Voyager 1","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heliosheath","display_name":"heliosheath","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-diffusion-coefficient","display_name":"electron diffusion coefficient","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rigidity-dependence","display_name":"rigidity dependence","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pamela","display_name":"PAMELA","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ulysses","display_name":"Ulysses","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-magnetic-fields","display_name":"solar magnetic fields","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heliospheric-boundary","display_name":"heliospheric boundary","score":0.5199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54834619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131687","display_name":"Heliosphere","level":4,"score":0.8527096509933472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111309251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11547","display_name":"Cosmic ray","level":2,"score":0.8046255111694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6447099447250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.5890297293663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.5649394392967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.46928107738494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91752515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1770333","display_name":"Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray","level":3,"score":0.46221014857292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108411613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833","display_name":"Solar wind","level":3,"score":0.160378098487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.15485578775405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.11973822116851807}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/7034","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7034","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7034","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:1652608","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.nwu.ac.za:443/handle/10394/7034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/7034","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7034","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7034","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1652608.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1652608.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980637561","https://openalex.org/W1989537334","https://openalex.org/W1991383679","https://openalex.org/W2008277413","https://openalex.org/W2017516919","https://openalex.org/W2018827598","https://openalex.org/W2019640468","https://openalex.org/W2069347525","https://openalex.org/W2073333733","https://openalex.org/W2075347469","https://openalex.org/W2075803712","https://openalex.org/W2086798578","https://openalex.org/W2087364146","https://openalex.org/W2088068584","https://openalex.org/W2116696835","https://openalex.org/W2142258652","https://openalex.org/W2155639983","https://openalex.org/W2171055598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015269308","https://openalex.org/W2581018661","https://openalex.org/W7100827291","https://openalex.org/W2111788759","https://openalex.org/W2806179643","https://openalex.org/W2017546833","https://openalex.org/W2744263170","https://openalex.org/W2810356350","https://openalex.org/W2064967949","https://openalex.org/W2127411311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Voyager":[1,44,50,109,250,287],"1":[2,251,288],"spacecraft":[3],"is":[4,27,163,192,247,262,346,406,435],"now":[5],"about":[6,89,318],"25":[7],"AU":[8,33],"beyond":[9,119],"the":[10,19,23,25,35,57,64,90,96,112,136,143,146,158,176,180,184,200,205,208,211,214,223,228,231,254,294,303,308,325,329,338,348,380,389,395,399,403,419,445,456],"heliospheric":[11,160],"termination":[12],"shock":[13],"and":[14,46,167,239,264,284,289,297,301,335,354,367,382,386],"soon":[15,47],"it":[16,116],"should":[17,52],"encounter":[18],"outer":[20,147,232,391],"boundary":[21],"of":[22,95,139,179,183,210,213,332,351,398,418,421,444],"heliosphere,":[24,326],"heliopause.This":[26],"set":[28],"to":[29,55,60,77,84,145,165,175,204,220,230,249,277,315,322,337,359,371,376,408,441,451],"be":[30,53,61,360,369,429],"at":[31,100,188,290,384,426],"120":[32,78],"in":[34,104,199,222,302,324,327,388,394,402,412,455],"modulation":[36,138,153,198,411,446],"model":[37,134,154,282],"used":[38,123,164],"for":[39,70,124,135,253,437],"this":[40,374,413,415],"study.This":[41],"implies":[42],"that":[43,347],"1,":[45,110],"afterwards":[48],"also":[49],"2,":[51],"able":[54],"measure":[56],"heliopause":[58,259],"spectrum,":[59,69],"interpreted":[62],"as":[63,266,449],"lowest":[65],"possible":[66],"local":[67,185,270,339,432],"interstellar":[68,186,271,433],"low":[71,102,190,422,439],"energy":[72,255,423],"galactic":[73,97,140,424,447],"electrons":[74,141,323,425,448],"(1":[75],"MeV":[76,245],"MeV).This":[79],"could":[80],"give":[81],"an":[82],"answer":[83],"a":[85,125,129,267],"long":[86],"outstanding":[87],"question":[88],"spectral":[91,181],"shape":[92,182],"(energy":[93],"dependence)":[94],"electron":[98,106,170,225,260],"spectrum":[99,187,261,272,434],"these":[101,189,438],"energies.These":[103],"situ":[105],"observations":[107,252,285,383],"from":[108,142,172,218,227,273,286,293,298,307],"until":[111],"year":[113],"2010":[114],"when":[115],"was":[117],"already":[118],"112":[120],"AU,":[121],"are":[122,234,311],"comparative":[126],"study":[127,168],"with":[128,237],"comprehensive":[130],"three":[131],"dimensional":[132],"numerical":[133],"solar":[137,215,341],"inner":[144,201,229,304,404],"heliosphere.A":[148,392],"locally":[149],"developed":[150],"steady":[151],"state":[152],"which":[155],"numerically":[156],"solves":[157],"relevant":[159],"transport":[161],"equation":[162],"compute":[166,409],"modulated":[169],"spectra":[171,226],"Earth":[173,291,385,427],"up":[174,203],"heliopause.The":[177],"issue":[178],"energies":[191,440],"specifically":[193],"addressed,":[194],"taking":[195],"into":[196],"account":[197],"heliosheath,":[202],"heliopause,":[206],"including":[207],"effects":[209],"transition":[212],"wind":[216],"speed":[217],"supersonic":[219],"subsonic":[221],"heliosheath.Modulated":[224],"heliosphere":[233,305],"computed,":[235],"together":[236],"radial":[238,396],"latitudinal":[240],"profiles,":[241],"focusing":[242],"on":[243],"12":[244],"electrons.This":[246],"compared":[248,450],"range":[256],"6-14":[257],"MeV.A":[258],"computed":[263,436],"presented":[265],"new":[268,431],"plausible":[269],"30":[274],"GeV":[275],"down":[276],"10":[278],"MeV.The":[279],"comparisons":[280],"between":[281,379],"predictions":[283],"(e.g.":[292,306],"PAMELA":[295],"mission":[296],"balloon":[299],"flights)":[300],"Ulysses":[309],"mission)":[310],"made.This":[312],"enables":[313],"one":[314],"make":[316],"conclusions":[317],"diffusion":[319,333,356,400],"theory":[320],"applicable":[321],"particular":[328],"rigidity":[330,349,375],"dependence":[331,350,397],"perpendicular":[334,355],"parallel":[336,353],"background":[340],"magnetic":[342],"field.A":[343],"general":[344],"result":[345],"both":[352],"coefficients":[357,401],"needs":[358],"constant":[361],"below":[362],"0.4":[363],"GV":[364],"P":[365],"<":[366],"only":[368],"allowed":[370],"increase":[372],"above":[373],"assure":[377],"compatibility":[378],"modeling":[381],"especially":[387],"iii":[390],"modification":[393],"heliosheath":[405],"required":[407],"realistic":[410],"region.With":[414],"study,":[416],"estimates":[417],"intensity":[420],"can":[428],"made.A":[430],"improve":[442],"understanding":[443],"previous":[452],"results":[453],"described":[454],"literature.":[457]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-16T18:09:00.828671","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
