{"id":"https://openalex.org/W165102877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00138-0","title":"Lead, Deliquency and Violence","display_name":"Lead, Deliquency and Violence","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W165102877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00138-0","mag":"165102877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00138-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00138-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00138-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Environmental Health","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":null,"type":"reference-entry","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012506811","display_name":"Jerome O. Nriagu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6696-5716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6696-5716"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Nriagu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012506811"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"412","last_page":"420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10565","display_name":"Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-exposure","display_name":"lead exposure","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-lead-poisoning","display_name":"childhood lead poisoning","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligence-quotient","display_name":"intelligence quotient","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotoxicity","display_name":"neurotoxicity","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conduct-disorder","display_name":"conduct disorder","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violent-behavior","display_name":"violent behavior","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delinquency","display_name":"delinquency","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-behavior","display_name":"criminal behavior","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-response-relationship","display_name":"dose-response relationship","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-lead-exposure","display_name":"prenatal lead exposure","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"environmental health","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-development","display_name":"cognitive development","score":0.6890000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781037878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110315","display_name":"Lead poisoning","level":2,"score":0.5708327889442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5297868251800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.48253509402275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166047926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170277","display_name":"Intelligence quotient","level":3,"score":0.46967917680740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.45971277356147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777082460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3377398","display_name":"Early childhood","level":2,"score":0.4557080864906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4147719740867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020026551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110315","display_name":"Lead exposure","level":3,"score":0.4145113527774811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4063822031021118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3870150148868561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3615584671497345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.1424698531627655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779904517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5008900","display_name":"CATS","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00138-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00138-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00138-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Environmental Health","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66522331","https://openalex.org/W952906750","https://openalex.org/W1573178907","https://openalex.org/W1605831703","https://openalex.org/W1771651918","https://openalex.org/W1969454584","https://openalex.org/W1976123306","https://openalex.org/W1998941609","https://openalex.org/W2002266668","https://openalex.org/W2003480255","https://openalex.org/W2004398393","https://openalex.org/W2005528054","https://openalex.org/W2009545404","https://openalex.org/W2015239637","https://openalex.org/W2016739844","https://openalex.org/W2016908446","https://openalex.org/W2017176198","https://openalex.org/W2021551171","https://openalex.org/W2021908615","https://openalex.org/W2023063434","https://openalex.org/W2025070292","https://openalex.org/W2031722344","https://openalex.org/W2041676461","https://openalex.org/W2057118782","https://openalex.org/W2072073525","https://openalex.org/W2076180308","https://openalex.org/W2076576879","https://openalex.org/W2097689503","https://openalex.org/W2116810634","https://openalex.org/W2119111372","https://openalex.org/W2119515241","https://openalex.org/W2126489758","https://openalex.org/W2139689729","https://openalex.org/W2139861718","https://openalex.org/W2140604386","https://openalex.org/W2146334297","https://openalex.org/W2152288875","https://openalex.org/W2154395565","https://openalex.org/W2608354230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241409875","https://openalex.org/W2064398681","https://openalex.org/W2171661596","https://openalex.org/W4366231569","https://openalex.org/W3133416102","https://openalex.org/W2060639319","https://openalex.org/W2789569796","https://openalex.org/W2366673917","https://openalex.org/W2097689503","https://openalex.org/W2023690927"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}