{"id":"https://openalex.org/W165072372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.916094","title":"Innovation, Duplication, and the Contract Theory of Patents","display_name":"Innovation, Duplication, and the Contract Theory of Patents","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W165072372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.916094","mag":"165072372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.916094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.916094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.916094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.916094","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007788861","display_name":"Luigi Alberto Franzoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6116-5373","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6116-5373"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Alberto Franzoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6116-5373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029036509","display_name":"Vincenzo Denicol\u00f2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-4241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-4241"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Denicolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007788861"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.015200000256299973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patents","display_name":"patents","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-secrets","display_name":"trade secrets","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-incentives","display_name":"innovation incentives","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duplication","display_name":"duplication","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-secret-licensing","display_name":"trade secret licensing","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-creation","display_name":"independent creation","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-post-efficiency","display_name":"ex post efficiency","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-information-disclosure","display_name":"public disclosure","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"intellectual property","score":0.4300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5080230236053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7602840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746284","display_name":"Gene duplication","level":3,"score":0.4170113205909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.40887707471847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23457801342010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.916094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.916094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.916094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.916094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.916094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.916094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4943999946117401}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507392882","https://openalex.org/W1968380256","https://openalex.org/W1990575313","https://openalex.org/W2004269425","https://openalex.org/W2015467552","https://openalex.org/W2043995361","https://openalex.org/W2065375156","https://openalex.org/W2115016712","https://openalex.org/W2115125337","https://openalex.org/W2151968247","https://openalex.org/W2152512216","https://openalex.org/W2157913821","https://openalex.org/W2161159763","https://openalex.org/W2165064575","https://openalex.org/W3014024241","https://openalex.org/W3124757962","https://openalex.org/W3125339620","https://openalex.org/W3146960623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W194468785","https://openalex.org/W2004269425","https://openalex.org/W3161278213","https://openalex.org/W3205960018","https://openalex.org/W7127850994","https://openalex.org/W1948884161","https://openalex.org/W2090507241","https://openalex.org/W4377080479","https://openalex.org/W2527594687","https://openalex.org/W2921108000"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
