{"id":"https://openalex.org/W16460247","doi":null,"title":"THE IMPACT OF AGE AND GENDER ON THE LEARNERS\u2019 MOTIVATION AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS FRENCH IN SECONDARY EDUCATION IN FLANDERS","display_name":"THE IMPACT OF AGE AND GENDER ON THE LEARNERS\u2019 MOTIVATION AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS FRENCH IN SECONDARY EDUCATION IN FLANDERS","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W16460247","mag":"16460247"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:2094488","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/2094488/file/6769871","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/2094488","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9788461555635","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/2094488","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041218640","display_name":"Ariane Ruyffelaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3874-0832","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3874-0832"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ariane Ruyffelaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103626467","display_name":"Pascale Hadermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9617-2699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9617-2699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascale Hadermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0024837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"159","last_page":"165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9380000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9380000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13152","display_name":"French Language Learning Methods","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12542","display_name":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/french-as-a-foreign-language","display_name":"French as a foreign language","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-motivation","display_name":"student motivation","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrative-motivation","display_name":"integrative motivation","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumental-motivation","display_name":"instrumental motivation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-prestige","display_name":"language prestige","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flanders","display_name":"Flanders","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-beliefs","display_name":"language beliefs","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778329345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919978","display_name":"Prestige","level":2,"score":0.8673528432846069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114010052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150352","display_name":"Foreign language","level":2,"score":0.7097642421722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.625037431716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5958331823348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.4987971782684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82289098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4653463","display_name":"AP French Language","level":3,"score":0.49761226773262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4929487705230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170350167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455178","display_name":"Second-language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.4909415543079376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48580701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150","display_name":"French","level":2,"score":0.4294384717941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.39833948016166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.29111310839653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.25972187519073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:2094488","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/2094488/file/6769871","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/2094488","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9788461555635","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"mag:16460247","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/2094488/file/6769871.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:2094488","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/2094488/file/6769871","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/2094488","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9788461555635","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W16460247.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W16460247.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W623591911","https://openalex.org/W1545816247","https://openalex.org/W1965034460","https://openalex.org/W1966685488","https://openalex.org/W1981198570","https://openalex.org/W2004409543","https://openalex.org/W2046517077","https://openalex.org/W2084302054","https://openalex.org/W2103263419","https://openalex.org/W2995717595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6981872045","https://openalex.org/W7217948397","https://openalex.org/W3127431178","https://openalex.org/W3007378442","https://openalex.org/W2604727959","https://openalex.org/W6888658382","https://openalex.org/W9621578","https://openalex.org/W4413938232","https://openalex.org/W2463885910","https://openalex.org/W2088341976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motivation":[0],"is":[1,24,102,144,150,242,261,271,315],"one":[2],"of":[3,11,39,51,67,95,99,107,135,153,166,174,213,240,278,310,345,355,366,371,373,383,390],"the":[4,9,22,37,43,48,52,70,78,87,92,105,112,133,136,154,167,172,227,234,238,308,326,343,353,369,388,391,395,405],"most":[5],"important":[6,317],"factors":[7,165,247,382],"in":[8,29,120,124,141,237,402,411],"acquisition":[10],"a":[12,18,33,64,121,151,210,275,288,320,398,419],"foreign":[13,40],"language.":[14,54],"A":[15,73],"desire":[16],"or":[17,170],"need":[19],"felt":[20],"by":[21,307],"learner":[23],"necessary":[25],"to":[26,31,84,103,163,171,188,198,204,226,245,250,257,263,286,332,339,341,351,376,380,387],"make":[27],"efforts":[28],"order":[30,203],"achieve":[32],"certain":[34,276],"goal.":[35],"In":[36,202,360,393],"context":[38],"language":[41,88,138,155,169],"acquisition,":[42],"ultimate":[44],"goal":[45],"would":[46,82,185],"be":[47,160,186,305,377],"perfect":[49],"mastery":[50],"target":[53],"Learners":[55],"who":[56,284,407],"are":[57,223,329,408,418],"highly":[58],"motivated":[59,75,187,298,331,410,422],"progress":[60],"faster":[61],"and":[62,109,116,191,200,218,248,349,385],"reach":[63],"higher":[65,290,399],"level":[66,94],"knowledge":[68,372],"than":[69,265,299,318,423],"less":[71,74,316],"motivated.":[72],"learner,":[76],"once":[77],"communication":[79],"needs":[80],"accomplished,":[81],"tend":[83,285],"stop":[85],"learning":[86],"before":[89],"he":[90],"reaches":[91],"quasi-native":[93],"mastery.":[96],"The":[97],"aim":[98],"our":[100],"study":[101,363],"analyze":[104,178],"impact":[106],"age":[108,199],"gender":[110],"on":[111,325],"learners'":[113,228],"motivational":[114],"attitudes":[115],"beliefs":[117,309],"towards":[118,194],"French":[119,137,168,190,195,241,334,374,384],"secondary":[122],"school":[123],"Flanders":[125],"(Instituut":[126],"van":[127],"Gent).":[128],"Firstly,":[129],"we":[130,208,273],"verify":[131],"if":[132,148],"prestige":[134,239],"has":[139],"decreased":[140],"Flanders,":[142],"as":[143,269],"sometimes":[145],"claimed,":[146],"and,":[147],"there":[149],"decline":[152,236,370],"level,":[156],"whether":[157,192],"it":[158,336],"can":[159,304],"linked":[161,225],"either":[162],"internal":[164,246,381],"lack":[173,277],"motivation.":[175,292],"We":[176],"also":[177,350],"why":[179],"young":[180,254,294,416],"learners":[181,255,295,417],"(12-18":[182],"years":[183],"old)":[184],"learn":[189,333],"opinions":[193],"differ":[196],"according":[197],"gender.":[201],"investigate":[205],"these":[206],"aspects,":[207],"created":[209],"questionnaire":[211],"consisting":[212],"50":[214],"items":[215],"covering":[216],"integrative":[217,279,413],"instrumental":[219,291,400],"motivation":[220,270,389,401],"features,":[221],"which":[222],"closely":[224],"beliefs.":[229],"Our":[230],"results":[231],"show":[232],"that":[233,259,312,368],"observed":[235],"mostly":[243,330],"related":[244,378],"not":[249,386],"motivation:":[251],"e.":[252],"g.":[253],"seem":[256,296],"believe":[258],"English":[260],"easier":[262],"understand":[264],"French.":[266],"As":[267],"far":[268],"concerned,":[272],"see":[274],"motivation,":[280],"especially":[281],"among":[282],"boys":[283,311,396],"have":[287,397],"slightly":[289],"Secondly,":[293],"more":[297,409,421],"older":[300],"ones.":[301,425],"These":[302],"observations":[303],"explained":[306],"expanding":[313],"friendship":[314],"finding":[319,356],"good":[321],"employment.":[322],"Young":[323],"learners,":[324],"other":[327],"hand,":[328],"because":[335],"allows":[337],"them":[338],"travel,":[340],"expand":[342],"boundaries":[344],"their":[346],"social":[347],"setting":[348],"increase":[352],"chances":[354],"employment":[357],"after":[358],"college.":[359],"conclusion,":[361],"this":[362],"demonstrates":[364],"first":[365],"all,":[367],"seems":[375],"mainly":[379],"learners.":[392],"addition,":[394],"comparison":[403],"with":[404],"girls":[406],"an":[412],"manner.":[414],"Finally,":[415],"little":[420],"elder":[424]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}