{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1644484251","doi":null,"title":"MEK1 signaling mediates transformation and metastasis of EpH4 mammary epithelial cells independent of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition.","display_name":"MEK1 signaling mediates transformation and metastasis of EpH4 mammary epithelial cells independent of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1644484251","mag":"1644484251","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12183438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12183438","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12183438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050064612","display_name":"Jan Pinkas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Pinkas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070752173","display_name":"Philip Leder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Leder","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3385,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77512013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"16","first_page":"4781","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11533","display_name":"Melanoma and MAPK Pathways","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11533","display_name":"Melanoma and MAPK Pathways","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10336","display_name":"Cancer Cells and Metastasis","score":0.0478999987244606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10169","display_name":"Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling","score":0.0406000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mapk-signaling","display_name":"MAPK signaling","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammary-epithelial-cells","display_name":"mammary epithelial cells","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastasis","display_name":"metastasis","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-invasion","display_name":"tumor invasion","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epithelial-mesenchymal-transition","display_name":"epithelial-mesenchymal transition","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actin-cytoskeleton-reorganization","display_name":"actin cytoskeleton remodeling","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-catenin","display_name":"\u03b2-catenin","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zo-1","display_name":"ZO-1","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-metalloproteinases","display_name":"matrix metalloproteinases","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downstream-gene-expression","display_name":"downstream gene expression","score":0.5199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76419328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74419","display_name":"Epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition","level":4,"score":0.6783517003059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.6313046813011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6221356391906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57074206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14197552","display_name":"MAPK/ERK pathway","level":3,"score":0.5416927337646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.5407888889312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555283112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637543","display_name":"Carcinogenesis","level":3,"score":0.48963624238967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.4786173701286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779013556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181876","display_name":"Metastasis","level":3,"score":0.4578993618488312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189092","display_name":"Cell migration","level":3,"score":0.4547724723815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97029542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281417","display_name":"Protein kinase A","level":3,"score":0.4230322539806366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421851","display_name":"Kinase","level":2,"score":0.37469953298568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.34575366973876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.19447654485702515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002471","descriptor_name":"Cell Transformation, Neoplastic","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002471","descriptor_name":"Cell Transformation, Neoplastic","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004789","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Activation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004847","descriptor_name":"Epithelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004847","descriptor_name":"Epithelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004847","descriptor_name":"Epithelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008321","descriptor_name":"Mammary Glands, Animal","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008321","descriptor_name":"Mammary Glands, Animal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008325","descriptor_name":"Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008325","descriptor_name":"Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008807","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009361","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Invasiveness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009362","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Metastasis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017346","descriptor_name":"Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017346","descriptor_name":"Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020929","descriptor_name":"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020929","descriptor_name":"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020935","descriptor_name":"MAP Kinase Signaling System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D048369","descriptor_name":"MAP Kinase Kinase 1","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12183438","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12183438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:1644484251","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12183438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163148260","https://openalex.org/W1494491432","https://openalex.org/W1502839280","https://openalex.org/W1514189383","https://openalex.org/W1527203018","https://openalex.org/W1558297384","https://openalex.org/W1566737177","https://openalex.org/W1574172480","https://openalex.org/W1576004006","https://openalex.org/W1579214734","https://openalex.org/W1639582946","https://openalex.org/W1850975011","https://openalex.org/W1912597193","https://openalex.org/W1968905163","https://openalex.org/W1970554113","https://openalex.org/W1971915141","https://openalex.org/W1976885142","https://openalex.org/W1989480480","https://openalex.org/W1990065094","https://openalex.org/W1992494265","https://openalex.org/W1992623236","https://openalex.org/W1993547614","https://openalex.org/W1996405087","https://openalex.org/W1999362712","https://openalex.org/W2001521752","https://openalex.org/W2003886366","https://openalex.org/W2005041472","https://openalex.org/W2010414816","https://openalex.org/W2017884204","https://openalex.org/W2019002206","https://openalex.org/W2020724252","https://openalex.org/W2022896763","https://openalex.org/W2034510362","https://openalex.org/W2036614475","https://openalex.org/W2045294448","https://openalex.org/W2046425054","https://openalex.org/W2048162805","https://openalex.org/W2052016477","https://openalex.org/W2052762081","https://openalex.org/W2054882534","https://openalex.org/W2055298771","https://openalex.org/W2056031476","https://openalex.org/W2070948501","https://openalex.org/W2077309295","https://openalex.org/W2083487959","https://openalex.org/W2085768679","https://openalex.org/W2086262311","https://openalex.org/W2090380700","https://openalex.org/W2095152292","https://openalex.org/W2096773962","https://openalex.org/W2097829282","https://openalex.org/W2104834040","https://openalex.org/W2111563081","https://openalex.org/W2117852040","https://openalex.org/W2120044211","https://openalex.org/W2120282652","https://openalex.org/W2121627701","https://openalex.org/W2127611014","https://openalex.org/W2144679405","https://openalex.org/W2153084734","https://openalex.org/W2246114456","https://openalex.org/W2298562461","https://openalex.org/W2335005596","https://openalex.org/W2335706708","https://openalex.org/W2418925751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983701937","https://openalex.org/W2183105330","https://openalex.org/W2144679405","https://openalex.org/W7096053426","https://openalex.org/W2104834040","https://openalex.org/W2011059273","https://openalex.org/W7095633668","https://openalex.org/W2111252159","https://openalex.org/W3011649452","https://openalex.org/W2046403272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Activation":[0],"of":[1,21,28,34,50,63,109,111,119,125,132,144,160,173,201,209,215],"the":[2,45,61,72,120,168,198,207],"mitogen-activated":[3],"protein/extracellular":[4],"signal-regulated":[5],"kinase":[6,7,10],"(MEK)-mitogen-activated":[8],"protein":[9],"(MAPK)":[11],"pathway":[12],"is":[13],"a":[14,38,80,150,249],"frequent":[15],"event":[16],"in":[17,43,67,92,102,136,154,212,235,246],"tumorigenesis,":[18],"and":[19,47,96,99,123,127,185,214,221,240,244],"analysis":[20,108],"human":[22],"breast":[23],"carcinomas":[24],"demonstrates":[25],"that":[26,179,226],"25-50%":[27],"these":[29,140],"tumors":[30,178],"express":[31],"elevated":[32],"levels":[33],"activated":[35,87,165,228],"MAPK1/2.":[36],"However,":[37,135],"direct":[39],"role":[40,62],"for":[41,251],"MEK1":[42,65,88,166,202,205,229],"regulating":[44],"invasive":[46,90],"metastatic":[48,100],"potential":[49,101],"mammary":[51,74,170,237],"epithelial":[52,75,113,146,156,238,252],"cells":[53,84,162],"remains":[54],"to":[55,138,147,188,196,253],"be":[56],"established.":[57],"To":[58],"directly":[59],"address":[60],"constitutive":[64],"signaling":[66],"transformation,":[68],"we":[69],"have":[70],"selected":[71],"murine":[73,236],"cell":[76],"line,":[77],"EpH4,":[78],"as":[79],"model":[81],"system.":[82],"EpH4":[83,161],"expressing":[85,163],"constitutively":[86,164,227],"display":[89],"growth":[91],"3-dimensional":[93],"collagen":[94],"gels":[95],"enhanced":[97],"motility,":[98],"modified":[103],"Boyden":[104],"chamber":[105],"assays.":[106],"Furthermore,":[107],"markers":[110],"normal":[112],"morphology":[114],"by":[115],"immunofluorescence":[116],"revealed":[117],"reorganization":[118],"actin":[121],"cytoskeleton,":[122],"mislocalization":[124],"beta-catenin":[126],"ZO-1":[128],"away":[129],"from":[130],"sites":[131],"cell-cell":[133],"contact.":[134],"contrast":[137],"expectations,":[139],"changes":[141,234],"occurred":[142],"independently":[143],"an":[145],"mesenchymal":[148,254],"transition,":[149],"change":[151],"seen":[152],"frequently":[153],"transformed":[155],"cells.":[157],"Moreover,":[158],"transplantation":[159],"into":[167],"cleared":[169],"fat":[171],"pads":[172],"immune-competent":[174],"hosts":[175],"rapidly":[176],"produced":[177],"were":[180],"highly":[181],"invasive,":[182],"well":[183],"vascularized,":[184],"readily":[186],"metastasized":[187],"distant":[189],"organs.":[190],"Gene":[191],"expression":[192,208],"profiling":[193],"was":[194],"performed":[195],"identify":[197],"downstream":[199],"targets":[200],"signaling.":[203],"Constitutive":[204],"induced":[206],"genes":[210],"involved":[211],"proliferation":[213],"matrix":[216],"metalloproteinases,":[217],"which":[218],"regulate":[219],"invasion":[220],"metastasis.":[222],"These":[223],"results":[224],"demonstrate":[225],"brings":[230],"about":[231],"robust":[232],"tumorigenic":[233],"cells,":[239],"mediates":[241],"their":[242],"invasiveness":[243],"metastasis":[245],"vivo":[247],"without":[248],"requirement":[250],"transition.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}