{"id":"https://openalex.org/W163891237","doi":null,"title":"MODEL AND FULL-SCALE TESTS WITH AN INNOVATIVE ICEBREAKER BOW","display_name":"MODEL AND FULL-SCALE TESTS WITH AN INNOVATIVE ICEBREAKER BOW","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W163891237","mag":"163891237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:163891237","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/395019","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022875346","display_name":"E Enkvist","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Enkvist","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075318426","display_name":"E Mustamaki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Mustamaki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2829,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79807271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11604","display_name":"Ship Hydrodynamics and Maneuverability","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11604","display_name":"Ship Hydrodynamics and Maneuverability","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icebreakers","display_name":"icebreakers","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bow-design","display_name":"bow design","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-scale-testing","display_name":"full-scale testing","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-testing","display_name":"model testing","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ploughs","display_name":"ploughs","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/force-sensor","display_name":"force sensor","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turning-radius","display_name":"turning radius","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siberian-rivers","display_name":"Siberian rivers","score":0.8460000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.742030680179596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140651703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603641","display_name":"Full scale","level":2,"score":0.6958580017089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.6832378506660461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5135124325752258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.47949057817459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.4515754282474518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.44805100560188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.41205596923828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07414385676383972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:163891237","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/395019","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.6800000071525574}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2526016172","https://openalex.org/W2261702655","https://openalex.org/W2819229832","https://openalex.org/W605818734","https://openalex.org/W2246910365","https://openalex.org/W611707316","https://openalex.org/W643837934","https://openalex.org/W363118077","https://openalex.org/W3200845108","https://openalex.org/W15053289","https://openalex.org/W761124952","https://openalex.org/W332261989","https://openalex.org/W2378871080","https://openalex.org/W2352556892","https://openalex.org/W756958148","https://openalex.org/W2000885871","https://openalex.org/W97983241","https://openalex.org/W368415720","https://openalex.org/W292639453","https://openalex.org/W622941542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,111],"traditional":[1],"icebreaker":[2],"bow":[3,39,70,83,177],"form":[4],"is":[5,180],"a":[6,54,65,93],"compromise":[7],"between":[8],"level":[9,28],"icebreaking":[10,95,127,187],"capability,":[11],"performance":[12],"in":[13,32,60,78,107,126],"other":[14],"ice":[15,29,138],"conditions,":[16],"and":[17,37,71,90,134,146,157,172],"hydrodynamic":[18],"behavior.":[19],"uncompromised":[21],"need":[22],"for":[23,41,75,154,162,183],"capability":[24],"to":[25,131,169],"break":[26],"thick":[27],"recently":[30],"resulted":[31],"applications":[33],"of":[34,50,68,84,100,174],"both":[35],"rounded":[36],"box-shaped":[38,163],"forms":[40,156],"use":[42,185],"on":[43,186],"Siberian":[44],"rivers.":[45],"To":[46],"investigate":[47],"the":[48,108,147,151,170,175],"potential":[49],"such":[51],"non-shipshaped":[52],"designs,":[53],"project":[55],"was":[56,73,88,150],"initiated":[57],"at":[58],"WARC":[59],"1984.":[61],"From":[62],"this":[63],"research,":[64],"successful":[66],"combination":[67],"round":[69],"plow":[72],"selected":[74],"further":[76],"testing":[77],"full":[79,105],"scale.":[80],"An":[81],"experimental":[82],"300":[85],"tons":[86],"displacement":[87],"constructed":[89],"suspended":[91],"from":[92,129,137],"2000-kW":[94],"salvage":[96],"tug":[97],"by":[98],"means":[99],"eight":[101],"force":[102],"transducers":[103],"producing":[104],"data":[106],"X-Y-Z":[109],"planes.":[110],"model":[112],"test":[113],"results":[114,122],"correlated":[115],"with":[116],"extraordinarily":[117],"elaborate":[118],"full-scale":[119],"tests.":[120],"Significant":[121],"included":[123],"an":[124],"increase":[125],"capacity":[128],"0.5":[130],"0.9":[132],"m":[133],"propulsion":[135],"free":[136],"interaction.":[139],"First-year":[140],"ridges":[141],"were":[142],"forced":[143],"without":[144],"difficulty":[145],"turning":[148],"radius":[149],"same":[152],"as":[153,168],"conventional":[155],"smaller":[158],"than":[159],"those":[160],"obtained":[161],"bows.":[164],"Conclusions":[165],"are":[166],"drawn":[167],"advantgages":[171],"drawbacks":[173],"new":[176],"form,":[178],"which":[179],"not":[181],"intended":[182],"universal":[184],"ships.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}