{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1622947746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0820957x.1985.10600613","title":"THE STUDY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP","display_name":"THE STUDY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1622947746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0820957x.1985.10600613","mag":"1622947746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0820957x.1985.10600613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0820957x.1985.10600613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0820957x.1985.10600613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235544","display_name":"Journal of Small Business - Canada","issn_l":"0820-957X","issn":["0820-957X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Small Business - Canada","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060679116","display_name":"Lois Stevenson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92688161","display_name":"Acadia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00839we02","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92688161"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lois Stevenson","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Acadia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Acadia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92688161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060679116"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92688161"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19738863,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"40","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-entrepreneurs","display_name":"women entrepreneurs","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-and-entrepreneurship","display_name":"gender and entrepreneurship","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-mobility","display_name":"social mobility","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-marginality","display_name":"social marginality","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-integration","display_name":"social integration","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-roles","display_name":"gender roles","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-role","display_name":"entrepreneurial role","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.7622300386428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.7556743621826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778720315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5442755","display_name":"Female entrepreneurs","level":3,"score":0.7150545120239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.6507458090782166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5712929964065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991854812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5442755","display_name":"Women entrepreneurs","level":3,"score":0.5083052515983582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.45226234197616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.42131417989730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3778493404388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34103062748908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.32033297419548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3182695209980011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.21454882621765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0820957x.1985.10600613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0820957x.1985.10600613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0820957x.1985.10600613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235544","display_name":"Journal of Small Business - Canada","issn_l":"0820-957X","issn":["0820-957X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Small Business - Canada","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.7307999730110168,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W309259410","https://openalex.org/W353323903","https://openalex.org/W564021872","https://openalex.org/W593861970","https://openalex.org/W641686503","https://openalex.org/W1517874927","https://openalex.org/W1537543935","https://openalex.org/W1608416488","https://openalex.org/W1988007778","https://openalex.org/W2006223958","https://openalex.org/W2051624081","https://openalex.org/W2080485486","https://openalex.org/W2153174915","https://openalex.org/W2773387755","https://openalex.org/W2774920623","https://openalex.org/W2989501449","https://openalex.org/W3118149923","https://openalex.org/W4235689257","https://openalex.org/W4297974475","https://openalex.org/W4302434985"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W103586123","https://openalex.org/W2978830821","https://openalex.org/W3119208575","https://openalex.org/W4229334249","https://openalex.org/W3120690364","https://openalex.org/W7217411102","https://openalex.org/W2011496453","https://openalex.org/W2275752171","https://openalex.org/W3196189296","https://openalex.org/W7129360969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,60],"study":[1,61],"of":[2,23,40,49,58,62,72,75,98,135,163,188,191,231],"entrepreneurs":[3,101,116,208],"has":[4,16,92],"offered":[5],"intrigue":[6],"to":[7,126,242,247],"researchers":[8],"from":[9],"various":[10],"academic":[11],"and":[12,28,32,86,117,144,169],"practitioner":[13],"orientations.":[14],"It":[15,78,238],"generated":[17],"classical":[18],"works":[19],"on":[20,25,94],"the":[21,29,50,70,73,80,138,171,189,194,198,215,244,253],"effects":[22,81],"entrepreneurship":[24,136],"economic":[26,31],"development":[27],"factors,":[30],"noneconomic,":[33],"which":[34,63,82,174],"might":[35],"explain":[36],"\u201centrepreneurial\u201d":[37],"behaviours.":[38],"Most":[39],"these":[41],"studies":[42],"have":[43,107,156,209],"been":[44,109,157],"male-":[45],"focused.":[46],"A":[47],"review":[48],"entrepreneurial":[51,167],"literature":[52],"reveals":[53],"an":[54,164],"almost":[55],"total":[56],"exclusion":[57],"women.":[59,237],"this":[64],"paper":[65,160],"is":[66,239],"a":[67,150,185,224],"part":[68],"examines":[69],"phenomenon":[71,246],"emergence":[74],"female":[76,207,245],"entrepreneurs.":[77],"considers":[79,170],"economic,":[83],"social,":[84],"cultural":[85],"political":[87],"conditions":[88],"characterizing":[89],"our":[90,204],"society":[91],"had":[93],"women":[95,155,202,219],"in":[96,112,137,173,183,193,203,252],"terms":[97],"their":[99],"becoming":[100],"or":[102,121],"business":[103,186,250],"owners.":[104],"Psychological":[105],"factors":[106,124],"not":[108],"particularly":[110,180],"effective":[111],"explaining":[113],"differences":[114],"between":[115],"non-entrepreneurs,":[118],"whether":[119],"male":[120],"female.":[122],"Environmental":[123],"appear":[125],"be":[127],"much":[128],"more":[129],"explanatory.":[130],"Concepts":[131],"such":[132],"as":[133],"legitimacy":[134],"culture,":[139],"social":[140,142,145],"mobility,":[141],"marginality":[143],"integration":[146],"do,":[147],"however,":[148],"provide":[149],"framework":[151],"for":[152,201],"understanding":[153],"how":[154],"excluded.":[158],"This":[159],"presents":[161],"definitions":[162],"\u201centrepreneur\u201d,":[165],"discusses":[166],"roles":[168,200],"environment":[172,196],"they":[175],"must":[176],"operate.":[177],"Women":[178],"face":[179],"difficult":[181],"barriers":[182],"owning":[184],"because":[187],"expectations":[190],"others":[192],"external":[195],"about":[197],"appropriate":[199],"society.":[205],"While":[206],"attracted":[210],"research":[211],"interest":[212],"only":[213],"within":[214],"past":[216],"10":[217],"years,":[218],"are":[220],"starting":[221],"businesses":[222,233],"at":[223,228],"rapid":[225],"rate\u2014in":[226],"1984":[227],"least":[229],"50%":[230],"new":[232],"were":[234],"started":[235],"by":[236],"thus":[240],"important":[241],"examine":[243],"understand":[248],"small":[249],"behaviour":[251],"future.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
