{"id":"https://openalex.org/W161609955","doi":null,"title":"Lowering the risk of nicotine dependence in cannabis users : an approach to assess determinants of cannabis users willingness to use nicotine free tobacco","display_name":"Lowering the risk of nicotine dependence in cannabis users : an approach to assess determinants of cannabis users willingness to use nicotine free tobacco","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W161609955","mag":"161609955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:161609955","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://essay.utwente.nl/65968/1/Arning%2C%20L.%20-%20s1132318%20%28verslag%29.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059814395","display_name":"Laila Arning","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laila Arning","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059814395"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cannabis-users","display_name":"cannabis users","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-dependence","display_name":"nicotine dependence","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/willingness-to-test","display_name":"willingness to test","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-planned-behavior","display_name":"theory of planned behavior","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prototype-willingness-model","display_name":"Prototype Willingness Model","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome-expectations","display_name":"outcome expectations","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-behavioral-control","display_name":"perceived behavioral control","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitudes","display_name":"attitudes","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-harm-reduction","display_name":"tobacco harm reduction","score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luxembourg","display_name":"Luxembourg","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netherlands","display_name":"Netherlands","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowball-sampling","display_name":"snowball sampling","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.7370463609695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777056318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79817","display_name":"Cannabis","level":2,"score":0.6011660099029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5022697448730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89785696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290753","display_name":"Theory of planned behavior","level":3,"score":0.46531346440315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4635320007801056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58874564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130768","display_name":"Smoke","level":2,"score":0.4104195535182953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.4000306725502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3638051450252533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3616548776626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2594170570373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14930546283721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09188315272331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08075809478759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:161609955","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://essay.utwente.nl/65968/1/Arning%2C%20L.%20-%20s1132318%20%28verslag%29.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8560000061988831}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153654176","https://openalex.org/W1491644571","https://openalex.org/W1988493110","https://openalex.org/W1992120756","https://openalex.org/W1994300116","https://openalex.org/W2010512215","https://openalex.org/W2029248756","https://openalex.org/W2036389121","https://openalex.org/W2046051901","https://openalex.org/W2049167673","https://openalex.org/W2056891327","https://openalex.org/W2090833829","https://openalex.org/W2092068541","https://openalex.org/W2098224848","https://openalex.org/W2121726359","https://openalex.org/W2126641401","https://openalex.org/W2139249918","https://openalex.org/W2143520170","https://openalex.org/W2153130616","https://openalex.org/W3048619376","https://openalex.org/W3156302520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4291228457","https://openalex.org/W1988493110","https://openalex.org/W4313460862","https://openalex.org/W2041915983","https://openalex.org/W2510801814","https://openalex.org/W2743542775","https://openalex.org/W1965841383","https://openalex.org/W2090957345","https://openalex.org/W4386704514","https://openalex.org/W3118214209"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,70,490,517,580,749],"the":[1,11,32,82,88,91,130,157,185,288,335,353,358,365,380,391,419,428,443,445,453,467,478,491,506,512,518,526,541,600,658,718,798,803,825],"past":[2],"a":[3,58,64,72,99,206,218,234,237,258,265,281,310,425,440,547,575,581,665,670,683,772,813],"lot":[4],"of":[5,13,35,43,94,101,129,151,177,255,360,374,480,508,532,563,652,667,673,686,705,721,797,805,824],"research":[6,800,838],"has":[7],"been":[8],"done":[9],"on":[10,619,696,839],"co-use":[12],"tobacco":[14],"(TB)":[15],"and":[16,27,86,117,156,194,286,315,329,345,364,395,405,442,472,622,638,676,702,736,786,817],"marijuana":[17],"(MJ).":[18],"Most":[19,240],"MJ":[20,68,300,452,674],"users":[21,301,675],"smoke":[22,743],"their":[23],"cannabis":[24],"with":[25,711,747],"TB":[26,61,76,190,231,307,363,376,437,650,654,759],"recent":[28],"literature":[29],"suggest":[30],"that":[31,111,137,173,180,202,299,316,352,585,603,631,731,737],"highest":[33],"risk":[34,42],"dual":[36],"use":[37,210,359,434,680,756],"may":[38],"be":[39,63,559,589,795],"an":[40,114],"increased":[41],"becoming":[44],"nicotine":[45,59,74,143,188,229,305,361,435,636,648,757],"dependent.":[46],"Within":[47,90],"our":[48,95,125,593,806,819],"present":[49],"two":[50,697],"studies":[51],"we":[52,97,112,169,200,214,263,291,389,568,573,629,661,723,789],"wanted":[53,715],"to":[54,104,134,141,209,249,273,303,342,346,385,407,416,433,447,463,477,483,495,505,525,534,588,615,635,663,669,679,716,725,742,755,767,779,794,828],"find":[55,464],"out":[56,465,597],"whether":[57,466],"free":[60,75,144,189,230,306,362,436,649,758],"could":[62,557,595],"possible":[65],"alternative":[66],"for":[67,232,267,287,308,323,377,438,608,655,682,689,760,771],"users.":[69],"2013":[71],"new":[73,193,814,834],"called":[77],"'Gold":[78],"Magic'":[79],"(GM)":[80],"entered":[81],"market":[83],"in":[84,87,124,167,184,217,280,284,334,528,540,566,644,727],"Luxemburg":[85],"Netherlands.":[89],"second":[92,519,542,659],"part":[93],"study":[96,132,660,807,815],"gave":[98],"sample":[100,578,583,594,666,720,784],"this":[102,833,840],"brand":[103],"13":[105],"people":[106,695],"who":[107,122,247],"tested":[108,390,777],"it.":[109,387],"Before":[110],"conducted":[113],"online":[115],"survey":[116],"found":[118,279,587,693],"37":[119],"respondents":[120,139,164,203,277,330,356,422,625,753],"(n=37)":[121],"filled":[123],"questionnaire.":[126],"The":[127,296,530],"aim":[128,820],"first":[131,492,830],"was":[133,312,339,403,413,511,544,611,808,821],"examine":[135],"determinants":[136,148],"constitute":[138],"willingness":[140,302,394,481,610,621],"test":[142,304,386],"TB.":[145],"We":[146,458,692],"adopted":[147],"from":[149,244],"'Theory":[150],"Planned":[152],"Behavior'":[153],"(TPB)":[155],"'Prototype":[158],"Willingness":[159,338],"Model'":[160],"(PWM).":[161],"To":[162],"measure":[163,181],"potential":[165],"interest":[166],"GM":[168,668,712,722],"used":[170,292],"three":[171],"items":[172,179,241],"assessed":[174],"willingness,":[175,509],"instead":[176,373,651],"adopting":[178],"intention":[182,208,446],"like":[183],"TPB.":[186],"Since":[187],"is":[191,812,842],"very":[192,197,576,642],"probably":[195],"not":[196,515,558,641,740,791,822],"prominent":[198],"nowadays":[199],"thought":[201],"cannot":[204],"have":[205,616],"direct":[207],"it":[211,372,681,732,770,811],"yet.":[212],"So":[213],"asked":[215,677],"them":[216,228,678,706,726],"hypothetical":[219],"way":[220],"how":[221],"they":[222,368,383,431,456,738,765,775],"would":[223],"react":[224],"when":[225,484],"someone":[226],"offered":[227,724],"smoking":[233,309,378,411,439,451,499,538,656,690,761],"joint":[235,311,441,710],"at":[236,699],"friends":[238],"party.":[239],"were":[242,278,318,326,331,384,432,488,586,626,633,752,764],"taken":[243],"Solinski":[245],"(2012)":[246],"attempted":[248],"identify":[250],"differentials":[251],"between":[252,393],"different":[253],"types":[254],"consumers":[256],"using":[257,371,647,769],"sequential":[259],"\u201ccareer":[260],"approach\u201d.":[261],"Furthermore":[262,388],"added":[264,474],"scale":[266],"outcome":[268],"expectancies":[269],"which":[270,556,567],"are":[271],"believed":[272],"influence":[274,618],"attitude.":[275],"Six":[276],"coffee":[282],"shop":[283],"Enschede":[285],"other":[289,324],"31":[290],"snowball":[293],"sampling":[294,787],"strategy.":[295],"results":[297,562,793],"revealed":[298],"rather":[313],"low":[314],"most":[317,624,632],"daily":[319,627],"cigarette":[320],"smokers.":[321],"Means":[322],"constructs":[325],"mostly":[327],"average":[328],"often":[332],"located":[333],"'undecided'":[336],"category.":[337],"positively":[340,414],"related":[341],"attitude":[343,470,551],"(affective)":[344,471,552],"perceived":[347],"behavioral":[348],"control":[349,367,645],"(PBC)":[350],"indicating":[351,546],"more":[354,366,381,420,454,745,837],"enjoyable":[355],"rated":[357],"felt":[369,639],"over":[370,646],"common":[375,653],"joints":[379,421,746,762],"willing":[382,430,455,754,766],"relation":[392],"several":[396,780],"distal":[397,486],"determinants.":[398],"'Joints":[399],"smoked":[400,708],"per":[401],"week'":[402],"negatively":[404],"'intention":[406,494,533],"stop":[408,448,496,535],"or":[409,449,497,536,554],"reduce":[410,450,498,537],"MJ'":[412,500,539],"correlated":[415,569],"willingness.":[417,529],"Thus,":[418],"smoked,":[423],"during":[424],"normal":[426],"week":[427,688],"less":[429],"stronger":[444],"were.":[457],"performed":[459],"multiple":[460],"regression":[461],"analysis":[462,565],"proximal":[468,521],"variables":[469,487,522],"PBC":[473,555,613],"significant":[475,591],"value":[476,504,607],"prediction":[479,507],"compared":[482],"only":[485,601],"used.":[489],"model":[493,520,543],"had":[501,574,604,707,776],"unique":[502,605],"explanatory":[503,606],"but":[510,827],"overall":[513],"contribution":[514],"significant.":[516,598],"significantly":[523],"contributed":[524],"variation":[527],"significance":[531],"decreased":[545],"mediation":[548],"effect":[549],"via":[550],"confirmed":[560],"by":[561],"bivariate":[564],"these":[570,694],"variables.":[571],"However,":[572],"small":[577,671,719],"(n=37).":[579],"greater":[582],"effects":[584],"non":[590],"within":[592],"turn":[596],"Eventually,":[599],"determinant":[602],"predicting":[609],"PBC.":[612],"seems":[614],"great":[617],"people's":[620],"since":[623,810],"smokers":[628],"presume":[630],"addicted":[634],"already":[637],"therefore":[640],"much":[643],"joints.\r\nIn":[657],"planned":[662],"give":[664],"group":[672],"time":[684],"period":[685],"one":[687,709,714],"joints.":[691],"occasions":[698],"private":[700],"parties":[701],"after":[703,774],"each":[704],"no":[713],"take":[717],"advance.":[728],"They":[729],"said":[730],"tasted":[733],"so":[734,818],"bad":[735],"did":[739],"want":[741],"any":[744],"GM.":[748],"conclusion,":[750],"neither":[751],"nor":[763],"sustain":[768],"while":[773],"it.\r\nDue":[778],"limitations":[781],"such":[782],"as":[783],"size":[785],"strategy":[788],"do":[790],"claim":[792],"representative":[796],"whole":[799],"population.":[801],"Furthermore,":[802],"nature":[804],"exploratory,":[809],"field":[816],"representativeness":[823],"results,":[826],"gain":[829],"insights":[831],"into":[832],"area.":[835],"Therefore":[836],"topic":[841],"needed.":[843]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
