{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1610692783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/leos.1993.379117","title":"Diffractive optics and computer generated holograms for optical interconnects","display_name":"Diffractive optics and computer generated holograms for optical interconnects","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1610692783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/leos.1993.379117","mag":"1610692783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/leos.1993.379117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/leos.1993.379117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/leos.1993.379117","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of LEOS '93","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082489547","display_name":"S. H. Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.H. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., California Univ., San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., California Univ., San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111475912","display_name":"Y. Fainman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Fainman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., California Univ., San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., California Univ., San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3559,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47376065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"79","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffractive-optical-elements","display_name":"diffractive optical elements","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-generated-holograms","display_name":"computer-generated holograms","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-interconnects","display_name":"optical interconnects","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multichip-modules","display_name":"multichip modules","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonic-packaging","display_name":"photonic packaging","score":0.5540000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187590223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527628","display_name":"Holography","level":2,"score":0.9025381803512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187937830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175403","display_name":"Microelectronics","level":2,"score":0.785747230052948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.7458285093307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157395","display_name":"Computer-generated holography","level":3,"score":0.5954470634460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5833746194839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4647839069366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.44708070158958435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38040128350257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2609356939792633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1877027451992035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1769339144229889}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/leos.1993.379117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/leos.1993.379117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/leos.1993.379117","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of LEOS '93","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559804702","https://openalex.org/W1968163667","https://openalex.org/W2030897527","https://openalex.org/W2039213001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362325225","https://openalex.org/W2383941997","https://openalex.org/W2751472854","https://openalex.org/W2195312406","https://openalex.org/W1996020090","https://openalex.org/W2769217887","https://openalex.org/W4321133367","https://openalex.org/W3210232375","https://openalex.org/W2018755015","https://openalex.org/W4211123155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diffractive":[0],"optical":[1],"elements":[2],"(DOEs)":[3],"and":[4,44,49,54],"computer":[5],"generated":[6],"holograms":[7],"(CGHs)":[8],"can":[9,17],"be":[10],"fabricated":[11,57],"with":[12],"microelectronic":[13],"technology.":[14],"Therefore,":[15],"they":[16],"play":[18],"important":[19],"roles":[20],"in":[21,47],"the":[22,40],"packaging":[23],"of":[24,42],"optically":[25],"interconnected":[26],"multi-chip-modules":[27],"as":[28,30],"well":[29],"other":[31],"electronic":[32],"systems.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"paper,":[36],"we":[37],"will":[38],"identify":[39],"varieties":[41],"DOEs":[43],"CGHs":[45],"needed":[46],"single-":[48],"multi-stage":[50],"optoelectronic":[51],"interconnection":[52],"networks,":[53],"present":[55],"several":[56],"examples.>":[58]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
