{"id":"https://openalex.org/W161042015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.634","title":"Review articles, systematic reviews and meta\u2011analyses: which can be trusted?","display_name":"Review articles, systematic reviews and meta\u2011analyses: which can be trusted?","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W161042015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.634","mag":"161042015","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19514644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20452/pamw.634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96742272","display_name":"Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewn\u0119trznej","issn_l":"0032-3772","issn":["0032-3772","1897-9483"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322632806","host_organization_name":"Medycyna Praktyczna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322632806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medycyna Praktyczna"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polish Archives of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.mp.pl/paim/issue/article/634","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044468185","display_name":"P Rys","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0513-7750","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0513-7750"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Przemys\u0142aw Ry\u015b","raw_affiliation_strings":["HTA Consulting, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HTA Consulting, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090726068","display_name":"Magdalena W\u0142adysiuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-6708","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-6708"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magdalena W\u0142adysiuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["HTA Consulting, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HTA Consulting, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005729043","display_name":"Iwona Skrzekowska-Baran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iwona Skrzekowska-Baran","raw_affiliation_strings":["NovoNordisk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NovoNordisk, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041703351","display_name":"Maciej Tadeusz Malecki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4794-0820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4794-0820"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maciej T. Ma\u0142ecki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041703351"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02286808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"119","issue":"3","first_page":"148","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12664","display_name":"Clinical practice guidelines implementation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11744","display_name":"Health Sciences Research and Education","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-reviews","display_name":"systematic reviews","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis","display_name":"meta-analysis","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-appraisal","display_name":"critical appraisal","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidence-based-medicine","display_name":"evidence-based medicine","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-making","display_name":"clinical decision-making","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-strategies","display_name":"search strategies","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.8662394881248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.6110796928405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.5186159610748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.5088977813720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977147","display_name":"Medical literature","level":2,"score":0.4802118241786957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.47118356823921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44337233901023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43171194195747375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781083858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17327049","display_name":"Scientific literature","level":2,"score":0.41383594274520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.329731822013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11643245816230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.10631820559501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0877002477645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078202","descriptor_name":"Systematic Reviews as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012196","descriptor_name":"Review Literature as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015201","descriptor_name":"Meta-Analysis as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20452/pamw.634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96742272","display_name":"Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewn\u0119trznej","issn_l":"0032-3772","issn":["0032-3772","1897-9483"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322632806","host_organization_name":"Medycyna Praktyczna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322632806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medycyna Praktyczna"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polish Archives of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19514644","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19514644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/165706","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mp.pl/paim/issue/article/634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400316","display_name":"Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"artyku\u0142 w czasopi\u015bmie"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/165706","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mp.pl/paim/issue/article/634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400316","display_name":"Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"artyku\u0142 w czasopi\u015bmie"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197446148","https://openalex.org/W1572319397","https://openalex.org/W1867945356","https://openalex.org/W1929168249","https://openalex.org/W1986215651","https://openalex.org/W2009294093","https://openalex.org/W2029749250","https://openalex.org/W2038886783","https://openalex.org/W2050066532","https://openalex.org/W2053755946","https://openalex.org/W2084917404","https://openalex.org/W2088438184","https://openalex.org/W2097110957","https://openalex.org/W2114978217","https://openalex.org/W2188903851","https://openalex.org/W4251418881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3026216702","https://openalex.org/W2180607956","https://openalex.org/W2330281263","https://openalex.org/W4402942343","https://openalex.org/W2018376445","https://openalex.org/W2489314394","https://openalex.org/W2053715954","https://openalex.org/W197330760","https://openalex.org/W2550647309","https://openalex.org/W2439574881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,78],"large":[1],"number":[2],"of":[3,35,53,57,89,113,157,159],"scientific":[4],"articles":[5],"published":[6],"every":[7],"year":[8],"requires":[9],"from":[10],"practicing":[11],"physicians":[12],"the":[13,55,76,87,110],"ability":[14],"to":[15,20,39,103,109,150,188],"choose":[16],"among":[17],"them":[18],"and":[19,30,45,116,139,169,195,211],"use":[21],"secondary":[22],"studies,":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25,199,201],"guidelines,":[26],"review":[27,80,128,194,210],"articles,":[28],"meta-analyses":[29,44],"systematic":[31,46,69,79,127,193,209,218],"reviews.":[32,47],"The":[33],"aim":[34],"this":[36,72],"article":[37],"was":[38],"discuss":[40],"basic":[41],"differences":[42],"between":[43,190,202],"Meta-analysis":[48],"is":[49,73,81],"a":[50,62,68,82,94,119,132,151,191,196,203,208,212,217],"mathematical":[51],"method":[52],"pooling":[54],"results":[56],"several":[58],"or":[59,165],"more":[60,182],"studies;":[61],"meta-analysis":[63,205,215],"may":[64],"be":[65],"based":[66,172,206],"on":[67,207],"review,":[70],"but":[71],"not":[74],"always":[75],"case.":[77],"multistage":[83],"process":[84],"aimed":[85],"at":[86],"identification":[88],"all":[90],"reliable":[91,120,192,204],"evidence":[92,147,171],"regarding":[93],"specific":[95],"clinical":[96,114,123,134,161],"problem.":[97],"Systematic":[98],"reviews":[99],"make":[100],"it":[101],"possible":[102],"objectively":[104],"address":[105],"particular":[106],"issues":[107],"according":[108,149],"current":[111],"state":[112],"knowledge":[115],"therefore":[117],"constitute":[118],"basis":[121],"for":[122,145],"decision-making.":[124],"An":[125],"appropriate":[126],"should":[129],"include:":[130],"1)":[131],"defined":[133],"question,":[135],"2)":[136],"pre-specified":[137],"inclusion":[138],"exclusion":[140],"criteria,":[141,176],"3)":[142],"complex":[143],"search":[144,152],"medical":[146],"sources":[148],"strategy,":[153],"4)":[154],"critical":[155],"evaluation":[156],"reliability":[158],"identified":[160],"trials,":[162],"5)":[163],"qualitative":[164],"quantitative":[166],"data":[167],"synthesis":[168],"6)":[170],"conclusions.":[173],"These":[174],"simple":[175],"formulated":[177],"by":[178],"Cook":[179],"et":[180],"al.":[181],"than":[183],"10":[184],"years":[185],"ago,":[186],"allow":[187],"differentiate":[189],"\"quasi-systematic\"":[197],"one,":[198],"well":[200],"potentially":[213],"misleading":[214],"without":[216],"review.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
