{"id":"https://openalex.org/W160876735","doi":null,"title":"Affectionate expression in marriage: An ethnocultural and socioeconomic comparison","display_name":"Affectionate expression in marriage: An ethnocultural and socioeconomic comparison","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W160876735","mag":"160876735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/49399","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/49399","pdf_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/49450/bitstreams/144160/data.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401358","display_name":"Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/49450/bitstreams/144160/data.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009288537","display_name":"Sharen M. Waters","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sharen M. Waters","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009288537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10677","display_name":"Attachment and Relationship Dynamics","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10677","display_name":"Attachment and Relationship Dynamics","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10585","display_name":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13632","display_name":"Marriage and Sexual Relationships","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/married-couples","display_name":"married couples","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spousal-affection","display_name":"spousal affection","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marital-satisfaction","display_name":"marital satisfaction","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-and-cultural-differences","display_name":"ethnic and cultural differences","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-couples","display_name":"African American couples","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-race-couples","display_name":"mixed-race couples","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divorce-intention","display_name":"divorce intention","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altruism","display_name":"altruism","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sincerity","display_name":"sincerity","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sacrifice","display_name":"sacrifice","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124198","display_name":"Affection","level":2,"score":0.8357465863227844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7968497276306152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106399304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868123","display_name":"Snowball sampling","level":2,"score":0.7719249129295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6694990396499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.643307626247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6076343059539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5791015028953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5215951204299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.5165156722068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777495918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196129","display_name":"Spouse","level":2,"score":0.5110846757888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.4209398627281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91034043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","level":2,"score":0.41288959980010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.1677674651145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.15168964862823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.09854352474212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/49399","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/49399","pdf_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/49450/bitstreams/144160/data.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401358","display_name":"Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:160876735","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/2142/49399/1/Sharen_Waters.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/49399","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/49399","pdf_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/49450/bitstreams/144160/data.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401358","display_name":"Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W160876735.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W160876735.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":133,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W436568903","https://openalex.org/W574483136","https://openalex.org/W656142738","https://openalex.org/W1483822235","https://openalex.org/W1516534262","https://openalex.org/W1537054454","https://openalex.org/W1539265701","https://openalex.org/W1564173202","https://openalex.org/W1575714269","https://openalex.org/W1592419059","https://openalex.org/W1602427958","https://openalex.org/W1689542747","https://openalex.org/W1701216658","https://openalex.org/W1714723801","https://openalex.org/W1743984408","https://openalex.org/W1764779313","https://openalex.org/W1906878048","https://openalex.org/W1963837396","https://openalex.org/W1965090060","https://openalex.org/W1965775807","https://openalex.org/W1966355815","https://openalex.org/W1977669318","https://openalex.org/W1982478788","https://openalex.org/W1982737197","https://openalex.org/W1990254327","https://openalex.org/W1990754654","https://openalex.org/W1991219686","https://openalex.org/W1993912524","https://openalex.org/W1994563856","https://openalex.org/W1996633690","https://openalex.org/W1997845315","https://openalex.org/W2004700681","https://openalex.org/W2005026327","https://openalex.org/W2005087203","https://openalex.org/W2005208473","https://openalex.org/W2006133143","https://openalex.org/W2008586993","https://openalex.org/W2011892355","https://openalex.org/W2013608326","https://openalex.org/W2015200726","https://openalex.org/W2022314720","https://openalex.org/W2022429467","https://openalex.org/W2022830802","https://openalex.org/W2027606660","https://openalex.org/W2028976014","https://openalex.org/W2030022025","https://openalex.org/W2030659285","https://openalex.org/W2033752991","https://openalex.org/W2041940351","https://openalex.org/W2044963450","https://openalex.org/W2046777205","https://openalex.org/W2053579379","https://openalex.org/W2058611834","https://openalex.org/W2062673790","https://openalex.org/W2063531903","https://openalex.org/W2064164602","https://openalex.org/W2065360617","https://openalex.org/W2066209353","https://openalex.org/W2074133726","https://openalex.org/W2074668710","https://openalex.org/W2075480242","https://openalex.org/W2080696042","https://openalex.org/W2081155210","https://openalex.org/W2082190800","https://openalex.org/W2082194182","https://openalex.org/W2083880183","https://openalex.org/W2084975934","https://openalex.org/W2085209809","https://openalex.org/W2087053002","https://openalex.org/W2088858185","https://openalex.org/W2089548147","https://openalex.org/W2089706995","https://openalex.org/W2093289693","https://openalex.org/W2093442902","https://openalex.org/W2095971966","https://openalex.org/W2096928629","https://openalex.org/W2097355889","https://openalex.org/W2098318182","https://openalex.org/W2099287193","https://openalex.org/W2100040303","https://openalex.org/W2100774179","https://openalex.org/W2102472211","https://openalex.org/W2104820730","https://openalex.org/W2106560804","https://openalex.org/W2112742435","https://openalex.org/W2120951900","https://openalex.org/W2121821727","https://openalex.org/W2122258664","https://openalex.org/W2124832916","https://openalex.org/W2126753247","https://openalex.org/W2128412480","https://openalex.org/W2129349614","https://openalex.org/W2134393889","https://openalex.org/W2134910599","https://openalex.org/W2136356686","https://openalex.org/W2139984888","https://openalex.org/W2141806368","https://openalex.org/W2144541008","https://openalex.org/W2144847576","https://openalex.org/W2147064578","https://openalex.org/W2147069880","https://openalex.org/W2150621855","https://openalex.org/W2151335931","https://openalex.org/W2152567002","https://openalex.org/W2153363901","https://openalex.org/W2155469250","https://openalex.org/W2158242434","https://openalex.org/W2158778587","https://openalex.org/W2160889972","https://openalex.org/W2162040794","https://openalex.org/W2163904657","https://openalex.org/W2164889996","https://openalex.org/W2166792836","https://openalex.org/W2167768790","https://openalex.org/W2169603190","https://openalex.org/W2169682108","https://openalex.org/W2171148471","https://openalex.org/W2171230663","https://openalex.org/W2171751257","https://openalex.org/W2322990140","https://openalex.org/W2487649566","https://openalex.org/W2507491980","https://openalex.org/W2592732224","https://openalex.org/W2725132451","https://openalex.org/W2753868568","https://openalex.org/W2891598042","https://openalex.org/W2892747141","https://openalex.org/W2909653788","https://openalex.org/W2910572681","https://openalex.org/W3016609516","https://openalex.org/W3148089629","https://openalex.org/W4232509374","https://openalex.org/W4236268710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2740949682","https://openalex.org/W2900869421","https://openalex.org/W4283022916","https://openalex.org/W2182707765","https://openalex.org/W4312103537","https://openalex.org/W2053806271","https://openalex.org/W2277386651","https://openalex.org/W7131221801","https://openalex.org/W4407532087","https://openalex.org/W2055092888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"exploring":[1],"the":[2,39,158,308,313,316],"lived":[3],"experience":[4],"of":[5,18,44,70,160,224,245,255,268,283,296,312,318,322],"married":[6,52,66],"couples":[7,41,53,97,111],"with":[8,47,157,179,215,290],"affectionate":[9,48,145,155,192,209,291],"communication,":[10],"this":[11],"qualitative,":[12],"phenomenological":[13],"study":[14,314],"employed":[15],"a":[16,23,32,68,280],"triangulation":[17],"data":[19],"collection":[20],"methods,":[21],"including":[22],"questionnaire,":[24],"face-to-face":[25],"interviews,":[26],"and":[27,34,59,73,76,103,107,116,135,147,168,171,185,200,208,242,261,277,299,304,321,325],"two":[28,87,91,94,108],"specific":[29],"observational":[30],"activities;":[31],"game":[33],"musical":[35],"exercise":[36],"to":[37,82,138,173,197,204,234],"identify":[38],"meaning":[40],"made":[42,257],"out":[43],"their":[45,162,169,216,235,240,246,263,269,274],"experiences":[46],"expression.":[49],"Eight":[50],"diverse":[51],"were":[54,100,105,114,118,133,195,212,302],"recruited":[55],"through":[56],"purposive,":[57],"criterion":[58],"snowball":[60],"sampling":[61],"efforts.":[62],"Couples":[63,143],"had":[64],"been":[65],"between":[67],"minimum":[69],"2":[71],"years":[72],"13":[74],"years,":[75],"ranged":[77],"in":[78,123,213,239,307],"age":[79],"from":[80],"25":[81],"56.":[83],"Participant":[84],"groups":[85],"included":[86,315],"African":[88,101,119],"American":[89,102],"couples,":[90,93],"Caucasian":[92,115],"mixed":[95,109],"race":[96,110],"where":[98,112],"husbands":[99,113],"wives":[104,117],"Caucasian,":[106],"American.":[120],"One":[121],"couple":[122],"each":[124],"racial":[125],"category":[126],"was":[127,149,183,187],"targeted":[128],"whose":[129],"total":[130],"household":[131],"incomes":[132],"above":[134],"below":[136],"$40,000":[137],"allow":[139],"for":[140],"socioeconomic":[141,300],"comparison.":[142],"defined":[144],"expression":[146,292],"it":[148,186],"shown":[150,188],"that":[151,189,194,211,288],"spouses":[152,190,220,258],"demonstrated":[153],"multiple":[154],"behaviors":[156,328],"intention":[159],"making":[161],"mates":[163,275],"feel":[164,259],"good":[165],"about":[166,231],"themselves":[167],"relationships,":[170,241],"also":[172,286],"derive":[174],"some":[175],"personal":[176,217],"benefit":[177],"associated":[178],"showing":[180],"affection.":[181],"Satisfaction":[182],"explored":[184],"appreciated":[191],"acts":[193],"perceived":[196,244,267,330],"be":[198],"selfless":[199],"sincere":[201],"as":[202,248,271,327],"opposed":[203],"routine":[205],"or":[206,252],"reciprocal,":[207],"demonstrations":[210],"accord":[214],"preferences.":[218],"When":[219],"received":[221],"adequate":[222],"amounts":[223,251],"affection,":[225],"they":[226,243,266,278],"felt":[227,279],"more":[228,237],"loved,":[229],"better":[230],"themselves,":[232],"closer":[233],"spouses,":[236],"energized":[238],"relationships":[247,270],"stronger.":[249],"Insufficient":[250],"inadequate":[253],"types":[254],"affection":[256],"unloved":[260],"question":[262],"mate\u2019s":[264],"sincerity,":[265,326],"being":[272],"\u201crocky,\u201d":[273],"unhappy,":[276],"general":[281],"sense":[282],"unease.":[284],"Findings":[285],"indicated":[287],"satisfaction":[289],"inversely":[293],"affected":[294],"considerations":[295],"divorce.":[297],"Ethnocultural":[298],"difference":[301],"examined":[303],"not":[305],"identified":[306],"study.":[309],"Salient":[310],"themes":[311],"importance":[317],"verbal":[319],"assurances":[320],"selflessness,":[323],"sacrifice":[324],"thus":[329],"most":[331],"engendered":[332],"spousal":[333],"satisfaction.":[334]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
