{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1607829754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/25066756","title":"Effortless Action: Wu-wei as Conceptual Metaphor and Spiritual Ideal in Early China","display_name":"Effortless Action: Wu-wei as Conceptual Metaphor and Spiritual Ideal in Early China","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1607829754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/25066756","mag":"1607829754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/25066756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/25066756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/25066756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98062933","display_name":"Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies","issn_l":"0073-0548","issn":["0073-0548","1944-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316745","host_organization_name":"Harvard\u2013Yenching Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316745"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Harvard\u2013Yenching Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086285442","display_name":"Kwong\u2010loi Shun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-8732","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-8732"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwong-loi Shun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080417755","display_name":"Edward Slingerland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6717-7765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6717-7765"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Slingerland","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":63.0085,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":318,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99763877,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"2","first_page":"511","last_page":"511"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10893","display_name":"Chinese history and philosophy","score":0.8651999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10893","display_name":"Chinese history and philosophy","score":0.8651999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.1315000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13150","display_name":"Study and Philosophy of Religion","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wuwei","display_name":"non-action","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-metaphor","display_name":"conceptual metaphor","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-chinese-thought","display_name":"early Chinese philosophy","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daoism","display_name":"Daoism","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confucianism","display_name":"Confucianism","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiritual-ideals","display_name":"spiritual ideals","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtue-ethics","display_name":"virtue ethics","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-thinking","display_name":"comparative thought","score":0.5040000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.8134323954582214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.812434196472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18534","display_name":"Metaphor","level":2,"score":0.7074281573295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7073326706886292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776402256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2633818","display_name":"Conceptual metaphor","level":3,"score":0.5551853775978088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.38837581872940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.38089704513549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3647722601890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.333085298538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.16102072596549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0783240795135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.03339383006095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/25066756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/25066756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/25066756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98062933","display_name":"Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies","issn_l":"0073-0548","issn":["0073-0548","1944-6454"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316745","host_organization_name":"Harvard\u2013Yenching Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316745"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Harvard\u2013Yenching Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388386805","https://openalex.org/W1964062774","https://openalex.org/W4388387087","https://openalex.org/W4388386530","https://openalex.org/W4313462412","https://openalex.org/W4378780241","https://openalex.org/W4239371124","https://openalex.org/W4392974934","https://openalex.org/W7006861770","https://openalex.org/W2009951528"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,54],"book":[1,110],"presents":[2],"a":[3,38,47,62,80,112,245],"systematic":[4],"account":[5],"of":[6,9,14,37,40,49,56,87,94,99,120,126,148,173,180,199,213,216,238],"the":[7,10,34,85,91,97,117,124,131,138,163,168,171,178,197,208,214,226],"role":[8],"personal":[11],"spiritual":[12],"ideal":[13,64],"wu-wei-literally":[15],"no":[16],"doing,":[17],"but":[18],"better":[19],"rendered":[20],"as":[21,61],"effortless":[50],"action-in":[23],"early":[24,88,127,135],"Chinese":[25,89,128],"thought.":[26,129],"Edward":[27],"Slingerland's":[28],"analysis":[29],"shows":[30],"that":[31,74,83],"wu-wei":[32,149],"represents":[33,111],"most":[35],"general":[36],"set":[39],"conceptual":[41,81,121,174],"metaphors":[42],"having":[43],"to":[44,106,115,123,152,221,231,244],"do":[45],"with":[46,177],"state":[48],"ease":[51],"and":[52,68,141,193,206,228,234],"unself-consciousness.":[53],"concept":[55,76],"effortlessness,":[57],"he":[58],"contends,":[59],"serves":[60],"common":[63],"for":[65,196],"both":[66,137],"Daoist":[67],"Confucian":[69],"thinkers.":[70],"He":[71],"also":[72],"argues":[73],"this":[75,109,217,232],"contains":[77],"within":[78],"itself":[79],"tension":[82],"motivates":[84],"development":[86],"thought:":[90],"so-called":[92,164],"paradox":[93],"wu-wei,":[95],"or":[96,161],"question":[98],"how":[100,239],"one":[101],"can":[102],"consciously":[103],"try":[104],"not":[105],"try.":[107],"Methodologically,":[108],"preliminary":[113],"attempt":[114],"apply":[116],"contemporary":[118],"theory":[119],"metaphor":[122,175],"study":[125,198],"Although":[130],"focus":[132],"is":[133,150,186,219],"upon":[134,183],"China,":[136],"subject":[139,147],"matter":[140],"methodology":[142],"have":[143],"wider":[144],"implications.":[145],"The":[146],"relevant":[151],"anyone":[153],"interested":[154],"in":[155,162,167,210,225],"later":[156],"East":[157],"Asian":[158],"religious":[159],"thought":[160],"virtue-ethics":[165],"tradition":[166],"West.":[169],"Moreover,":[170],"technique":[172],"analysis-along":[176],"principle":[179],"embodied":[181],"realism":[182],"which":[184],"it":[185,240],"based-provides":[187],"an":[188,236],"exciting":[189],"new":[190],"theoretical":[191],"framework":[192],"methodological":[194],"tool":[195],"comparative":[200,202],"thought,":[201],"religion,":[203],"intellectual":[204],"history,":[205],"even":[207],"humanities":[209,227],"general.":[211],"Part":[212],"purpose":[215],"work":[218],"thus":[220],"help":[222],"introduce":[223],"scholars":[224],"social":[229],"sciences":[230],"methodology,":[233],"provide":[235],"example":[237],"may":[241],"be":[242],"applied":[243],"particular":[246],"sub-field.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
