{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1606889646","doi":null,"title":"Patterns of Force: System Strength, Terrorism and Civil War","display_name":"Patterns of Force: System Strength, Terrorism and Civil War","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1606889646","mag":"1606889646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:diw:diweos:diweos28","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.354171.de/diw_econsec0028.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.354171.de/diw_econsec0028.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/119353","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109869877","display_name":"Andreas Freytag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-0770","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-0770"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Freytag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich Schiller\u2010Universit\u00e4t, Jena"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich Schiller\u2010Universit\u00e4t, Jena","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028988850","display_name":"Daniel Meierrieks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-8385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-8385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Meierrieks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Paderborn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-8385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Paderborn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024168722","display_name":"Angela M\u00fcnch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela M\u00fcnch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut for Sociologi, Milj\u00f8- og Erhvervs\u00f8konomi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut for Sociologi, Milj\u00f8- og Erhvervs\u00f8konomi","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036922474","display_name":"Friedrich Georg SCHNEIDER","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-5896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-5896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friedrich Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johannes Keppler Universit\u00e4t Linz"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-5896","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johannes Keppler Universit\u00e4t Linz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.03610000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorism","display_name":"terrorism","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-war","display_name":"civil war","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regime-stability","display_name":"regime stability","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-management","display_name":"conflict management","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-violence","display_name":"political violence","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.9001593589782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.8020967841148376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.7600921392440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5636545419692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.49936771392822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.478220671415329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.4549914300441742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3383115231990814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.29303789138793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2789826989173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2778477072715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.22795099020004272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20603129267692566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:diw:diweos:diweos28","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.354171.de/diw_econsec0028.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.354171.de/diw_econsec0028.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2010-030","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oweb.b67.uni-jena.de/Papers/jerp2010/wp_2010_030.pdf","pdf_url":"https://oweb.b67.uni-jena.de/Papers/jerp2010/wp_2010_030.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/119353","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/119353","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/119353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"mag:1606889646","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.354171.de/diw_econsec0028.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3150087668","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/jrp/jrpwrp/2010-030.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306514947","display_name":"Jena Economic Research Papers","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Jena Economic Research Papers","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/32630","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/32630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/119353","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/119353","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/119353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1606889646.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1606889646.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81239178","https://openalex.org/W201512394","https://openalex.org/W1518432060","https://openalex.org/W1536938583","https://openalex.org/W1537646239","https://openalex.org/W1539795031","https://openalex.org/W1565175578","https://openalex.org/W1932757803","https://openalex.org/W1969679372","https://openalex.org/W1972474624","https://openalex.org/W1979033903","https://openalex.org/W1985936729","https://openalex.org/W2007352806","https://openalex.org/W2019053864","https://openalex.org/W2054410293","https://openalex.org/W2056641498","https://openalex.org/W2059351343","https://openalex.org/W2062093040","https://openalex.org/W2087204809","https://openalex.org/W2088914011","https://openalex.org/W2091291187","https://openalex.org/W2097408674","https://openalex.org/W2097432728","https://openalex.org/W2097530280","https://openalex.org/W2107477466","https://openalex.org/W2107800978","https://openalex.org/W2108818539","https://openalex.org/W2111467785","https://openalex.org/W2119168393","https://openalex.org/W2124758339","https://openalex.org/W2125722625","https://openalex.org/W2132619907","https://openalex.org/W2138143702","https://openalex.org/W2142013610","https://openalex.org/W2143426328","https://openalex.org/W2147039585","https://openalex.org/W2151780178","https://openalex.org/W2159167535","https://openalex.org/W2159968406","https://openalex.org/W2160910958","https://openalex.org/W2164109690","https://openalex.org/W2167046551","https://openalex.org/W2168431312","https://openalex.org/W2170526770","https://openalex.org/W2171224577","https://openalex.org/W3122116305","https://openalex.org/W3122881352","https://openalex.org/W3122994108","https://openalex.org/W3123417915","https://openalex.org/W3124032323","https://openalex.org/W3188979279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3160671510","https://openalex.org/W44137006","https://openalex.org/W7062689273","https://openalex.org/W2116946017","https://openalex.org/W652254228","https://openalex.org/W3016079144","https://openalex.org/W4388630007","https://openalex.org/W2002452523","https://openalex.org/W2321423998","https://openalex.org/W2469106432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,31,104],"jointly":[1],"analyze":[2],"the":[3,34,49,54,68,77,89,117],"genesis":[4],"of":[5,24,37,53,61,70,82,91,97,101,120,124,142],"terrorism":[6,27,92],"and":[7,28,51,80],"civil":[8],"war,":[9],"providing":[10],"a":[11,83,112],"simple":[12],"conceptual":[13],"framework":[14],"to":[15,48,72,88,95],"explain":[16],"why":[17],"violent":[18,38,43,99,102,122,125,143],"opposition":[19,39,44,126],"groups":[20,45],"choose":[21],"distinct":[22,35],"forms":[23,100],"violence":[25],"(i.e.,":[26],"open":[29],"rebellion).":[30],"argue":[32],"that":[33,76,107,132],"modes":[36,123,141],"are":[40],"chosen":[41],"by":[42],"in":[46],"response":[47],"strengths":[50],"weaknesses":[52],"system":[55,84,113,133],"they":[56],"challenge.":[57],"An":[58],"empirical":[59],"test":[60],"this":[62],"hypothesis":[63],"for":[64,67],"103":[65],"countries":[66],"period":[69],"1992":[71],"2004":[73],"indeed":[74],"shows":[75],"socio-economic":[78],"strength":[79],"stability":[81],"is":[85,135],"positively":[86,115,136],"related":[87],"likelihood":[90,118],"but":[93],"negatively":[94],"incidences":[96,119],"more":[98,121,127],"opposition.":[103,144],"also":[105],"show":[106],"poor":[108],"conflict":[109],"management":[110],"(as":[111],"weakness)":[114],"impacts":[116],"likely.":[128],"Furthermore,":[129],"we":[130],"find":[131],"size":[134],"associated":[137],"with":[138],"all":[139],"analyzed":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
