{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1606572716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/047122197x.ch7","title":"Restriction\u2010Modification Systems","display_name":"Restriction\u2010Modification Systems","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1606572716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/047122197x.ch7","mag":"1606572716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/047122197x.ch7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/047122197x.ch7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/047122197x.ch7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modern Microbial Genetics","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1583229378","display_name":"Modern Microbial Genetics"},"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070145317","display_name":"Robert Blumenthal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12057038","display_name":"University of Toledo Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01600wh70","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12057038"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. Blumenthal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio 43614\u20135806"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio 43614\u20135806","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12057038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028895511","display_name":"Xiaodong Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6967-6362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6967-6362","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0702-8201"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biochemistry Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322\u20134218"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biochemistry Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322\u20134218","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"177","last_page":"225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":0.7484999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":0.7484999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.18400000035762787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10878","display_name":"CRISPR and Genetic Engineering","score":0.05389999970793724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restriction-modification-systems","display_name":"restriction-modification systems","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-methylation","display_name":"DNA methylation","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restriction-enzymes","display_name":"restriction enzymes","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacteriophage-defense","display_name":"bacteriophage defense","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selfish-dna","display_name":"selfish DNA","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recombination","display_name":"recombination","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-ecology","display_name":"microbial ecology","score":0.574999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128319531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219715","display_name":"Restriction enzyme","level":3,"score":0.708722710609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6038773059844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.5699576139450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776441376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165028","display_name":"Bacteriophage","level":4,"score":0.5543708205223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58301748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074969","display_name":"Restriction site","level":4,"score":0.43456581234931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.431557297706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.42354536056518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.4042910635471344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3734361529350281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25269225239753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.23233580589294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/047122197x.ch7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/047122197x.ch7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/047122197x.ch7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modern Microbial Genetics","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410369036","https://openalex.org/W2152447567","https://openalex.org/W4237815626","https://openalex.org/W2415688067","https://openalex.org/W1598076755","https://openalex.org/W2156738105","https://openalex.org/W2515483061","https://openalex.org/W2134891391","https://openalex.org/W1959253307","https://openalex.org/W7099105966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Restriction-modification":[0],"systems":[1,101],"have":[2,14],"yielded":[3],"enzymes":[4],"central":[5],"to":[6,13,119],"biotechnology,":[7],"but":[8],"their":[9],"natural":[10],"roles":[11,55],"appear":[12],"fundamental":[15],"importance":[16],"in":[17,134],"the":[18,22,41,54,70,84,96,122,135],"genetic":[19],"ecology":[20],"of":[21,40,74,86,98,111,130,137],"biosphere.":[23],"This":[24],"chapter":[25],"has":[26],"nine":[27],"sections.":[28],"The":[29,35,47,67,78,92,106],"first":[30],"provides":[31],"a":[32,128],"historical":[33],"overview.":[34],"second":[36],"describes":[37,69],"relevant":[38],"aspects":[39],"microbial":[42],"\u201clifestyle\u201d,":[43],"including":[44,60],"bacteriophage":[45],"abundance.":[46],"third":[48],"section":[49,94,108],"discusses":[50],"alternative":[51],"hypotheses":[52],"for":[53],"played":[56],"by":[57],"restriction-modification":[58,75,100],"systems,":[59,113],"selfishness,":[61],"phage":[62],"defense,":[63],"and":[64,80,89],"mediating":[65],"recombination.":[66],"fourth":[68],"surprisingly":[71],"wide":[72],"variety":[73],"system":[76],"types.":[77],"fifth":[79],"sixth":[81],"sections":[82],"discuss":[83],"processes":[85],"DNA":[87],"methylation":[88],"restriction,":[90],"respectively.":[91],"seventh":[93],"addresses":[95],"problem":[97],"how":[99],"generate":[102],"new":[103],"sequence":[104],"specificities.":[105],"eighth":[107],"covers":[109],"regulation":[110],"these":[112,138],"which":[114],"must":[115],"be":[116],"done":[117],"carefully":[118],"avoid":[120],"killing":[121],"host":[123],"cell.":[124],"Finally,":[125],"there":[126],"is":[127],"summary":[129],"some":[131],"outstanding":[132],"problems":[133],"study":[136],"systems.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}