{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1606416481","doi":null,"title":"The emotional and physiological structure of laughter: A comparison of three kinds of laughs (Antiphonal, Duchenne, and Voiced) and individual differences in the use of laughter in middle-aged and older marriages","display_name":"The emotional and physiological structure of laughter: A comparison of three kinds of laughs (Antiphonal, Duchenne, and Voiced) and individual differences in the use of laughter in middle-aged and older marriages","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1606416481","mag":"1606416481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt4dv197h9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dv197h9","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dv197h9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dv197h9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043843261","display_name":"Patrick Kenneth Whalen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Kenneth Whalen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043843261"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11795","display_name":"Humor Studies and Applications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11795","display_name":"Humor Studies and Applications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10677","display_name":"Attachment and Relationship Dynamics","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laughter","display_name":"laughter","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physiological-arousal","display_name":"physiological arousal","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"heart rate","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-conductance","display_name":"skin conductance","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-transit-time","display_name":"pulse transit time","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marital-conflict","display_name":"marital conflict","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-aged-couples","display_name":"middle-aged couples","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-couples","display_name":"older couples","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-regulation","display_name":"emotion regulation","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-reported-emotion","display_name":"self-reported emotion","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marital-satisfaction","display_name":"marital satisfaction","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/close-relationships","display_name":"close relationships","score":0.421999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170579","display_name":"Laughter","level":2,"score":0.9082494974136353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5688422322273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.49304887652397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111902132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326834","display_name":"Skin conductance","level":2,"score":0.4383848309516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.39804741740226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.34758102893829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26183271408081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.21932557225227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt4dv197h9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dv197h9","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dv197h9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"},{"id":"pmh:qt4dv197h9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4dv197h9","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4dv197h9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Whalen, Patrick Kenneth. (2010). The emotional and physiological structure of laughter: A comparison of three kinds of laughs (Antiphonal, Duchenne, and Voiced) and individual differences in the use of laughter in middle-aged and older marriages. UC Berkeley: Psychology. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4dv197h9","raw_type":"dissertation"},{"id":"mag:1606416481","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt4dv197h9/qt4dv197h9.pdf?t=mtgr8r","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt4dv197h9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dv197h9","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dv197h9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4043000042438507,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1606416481.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1606416481.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W586423429","https://openalex.org/W1562563659","https://openalex.org/W1571620383","https://openalex.org/W1910550374","https://openalex.org/W1969761120","https://openalex.org/W1980166848","https://openalex.org/W1996088738","https://openalex.org/W2001286441","https://openalex.org/W2002613433","https://openalex.org/W2006519813","https://openalex.org/W2014921745","https://openalex.org/W2016906205","https://openalex.org/W2017331573","https://openalex.org/W2024647372","https://openalex.org/W2028750371","https://openalex.org/W2045565604","https://openalex.org/W2049569991","https://openalex.org/W2073225076","https://openalex.org/W2077606547","https://openalex.org/W2097123720","https://openalex.org/W2117712320","https://openalex.org/W2128693204","https://openalex.org/W2154588585","https://openalex.org/W2524226061","https://openalex.org/W2916132351","https://openalex.org/W4229619231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049665578","https://openalex.org/W2252375730","https://openalex.org/W4200353133","https://openalex.org/W1999564783","https://openalex.org/W4289767128","https://openalex.org/W3028166836","https://openalex.org/W6921058028","https://openalex.org/W7097793714","https://openalex.org/W2413745362","https://openalex.org/W2793566021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"close":[1],"relationships,":[2],"laughter":[3,123,159,179,431,445,459,596],"plays":[4],"an":[5],"important":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,23,97,129,210,251,323,383,427,592,652],"attachment":[9],"maintenance,":[10],"communication,":[11],"and":[12,40,48,56,89,100,107,126,164,201,237,308,345,356,373,393,412,417,420,436,455,470,473,479,498,502,509,516,529,537,541,571,601,610,635,641,647,666],"emotion":[13,35,302,347,392,450,493],"regulation.":[14],"We":[15,70],"know":[16],"from":[17],"previous":[18,119,319],"research":[19,120,140,153,668],"that":[20,158,191],"laughter,":[21,664],"particularly":[22],"response":[24],"to":[25,143,257,267,281,284,388,401,423,506,522,547,586],"watching":[26],"humorous":[27],"film":[28],"clips,":[29],"is":[30,115,160],"associated":[31,447,461],"with":[32,124,448,462,580],"increased":[33,38],"positive":[34,453,496],"(Ruch,":[36],"1995),":[37],"cardiovascular":[39],"electrodermal":[41],"arousal,":[42,419],"including":[43],"heart":[44],"rate,":[45,47],"respiration":[46],"skin":[49,222,550],"conductance":[50,551],"(Marci,":[51],"Moran,":[52],"et":[53,67],"al.":[54,68],"2004),":[55],"decreased":[57],"arterial":[58],"stiffness--indicated":[59],"by":[60],"longer":[61],"pulse":[62,227,230,234],"transmission":[63],"times":[64],"(Vlachopoulos,":[65],"Xaplanteris,":[66],"2009).":[69],"do":[71],"not":[72],"know,":[73],"however,":[74,151,616],"much":[75],"about":[76,111],"the":[77,134,176,252,258,264,293,318,324,333,336,367,371,377,403,428,593,653],"time":[78],"course":[79],"of":[80,136,195,214,271,313,329,339,405,408,430,595,655,660],"these":[81,84,91,587,661],"changes,":[82],"how":[83,287,390],"changes":[85,92,128],"persist":[86],"following":[87,263,376,456,499],"laughs,":[88,398,457,511,539],"whether":[90,118],"will":[93],"also":[94,116,520],"be":[95],"found":[96,521,546,598,651],"more":[98,101,452,495,567,576,608,622,633],"naturalistic":[99],"emotionally":[102],"varied":[103],"settings":[104],"(i.e.,":[105],"middle-age":[106],"older":[108,202,569,604,626],"couple":[109],"conversations":[110],"marital":[112,314,437,667],"conflict).":[113],"It":[114],"unclear":[117],"findings":[121,662],"associating":[122],"emotional":[125,415],"physiological":[127,298,394,418,463,525],"arousal":[130,217,299,343,395,464,526,552],"are":[131],"dependent":[132],"on":[133,352,414,433],"kinds":[135,338,407],"laughs":[137,146,340,409,504,518,533,544,554,612,624,637],"involved.":[138],"Previous":[139],"has":[141,154],"tended":[142],"pool":[144],"all":[145],"into":[147,361],"a":[148,161,183,193,269,275,353],"single":[149],"category;":[150],"recent":[152],"demonstrated":[155],"compelling":[156],"evidence":[157],"highly":[162],"complex":[163],"diverse":[165],"phenomenon":[166],"(e.g.,":[167],"Smoski":[168],"&":[169,173,188],"Bachorowski,":[170],"2003;":[171],"Keltner":[172],"Bonanno,":[174],"1997)In":[175],"present":[177,325],"study,":[178,254,385],"was":[180,241,446,460],"investigated":[181],"using":[182,274],"previously":[184],"collected":[185,316],"dataset":[186],"(Levenson":[187],"Carstensen,":[189],"1993)":[190],"included":[192],"sample":[194],"156":[196],"middle-aged":[197,564,581,614,618],"(40-50":[198],"yrs,":[199,204],"N=82)":[200],"(60-70":[203],"N=74)":[205],"married":[206],"couples":[207,255,565,574,579,583,605,619,630,649],"who":[208],"engaged":[209],"15-minute":[211],"videotaped":[212],"discussions":[213],"conflict.":[215],"Physiological":[216,342],"(heart":[218],"rate":[219],"inter-beat":[220,530],"interval,":[221],"conductance,":[223],"finger":[224,226,229],"temperature,":[225],"amplitude,":[228],"transit":[231,235],"time,":[232,236],"ear":[233],"general":[238],"somatic":[239],"activity)":[240],"measured":[242],"continuously":[243,285],"for":[244,335,358,440,487,559,663],"both":[245],"spouses":[246],"throughout":[247,292],"each":[248,359],"discussion.":[249,295],"Also,":[250],"original":[253,294],"returned":[256],"laboratory":[259],"within":[260],"one":[261],"week":[262],"conflict":[265],"discussion":[266],"watch":[268],"videotape":[270],"themselves":[272],"while":[273],"simple":[276],"rating":[277],"dial":[278],"(1-extremely":[279],"negative":[280],"9-extremely":[282],"positive)":[283],"indicate":[286],"they":[288],"had":[289],"been":[290],"feeling":[291],"The":[296,658],"videotapes,":[297],"data,":[300,303],"self-reported":[301,346,391,449,492],"as":[304,306],"well":[305],"demographic":[307],"questionnaire":[309],"data":[310,344,348],"(two":[311],"measures":[312],"satisfaction)":[315],"during":[317,370,397,454,484,497,532,553],"study":[320],"were":[321,349,381,519,545,597,650,669],"used":[322,606,620,631],"study.":[326],"A":[327],"team":[328],"trained":[330],"raters":[331],"coded":[332],"videotapes":[334],"different":[337,406],"investigated.":[341],"first":[350],"averaged":[351],"second-by-second":[354],"basis":[355],"then,":[357],"laugh,":[360,368,372],"three":[362],"epochs:":[363],"(a)":[364,444],"10-seconds":[365,375],"before":[366],"(b)":[369,458],"(c)":[374,491],"laugh.":[378],"Three":[379],"aims":[380],"pursued":[382],"this":[384],"(Aim":[386,399,421],"#1)":[387],"determine":[389,402,424],"change":[396],"#2)":[400],"impact":[404],"(Antiphonal,":[410],"Duchenne,":[411,501,515],"Voiced)":[413],"experience":[416],"#3)":[422],"individual":[425],"differences":[426,591,644],"use":[429,594,654],"based":[432],"sex,":[434],"age,":[435],"satisfaction.":[438],"Analyses":[439,486],"Aim":[441,488,560],"#1":[442],"revealed:":[443,490,562],"becoming":[451],"increases":[465],"(Inter-beat":[466],"Interval,":[467],"Skin":[468],"Conductance,":[469],"Somatic":[471],"Activity)":[472],"decreases":[474],"(Finger":[475],"Pulse":[476,481],"Transit":[477,482],"Time":[478],"Ear":[480],"Time)":[483],"laughs.":[485,557],"#2":[489],"became":[494],"Antiphonal,":[500,514],"Voiced":[503,517,611,636],"compared":[505],"non-Antiphonal,":[507,535],"non-Duchenne,":[508,536],"non-Voiced":[510,538],"respectively,":[512,540],"(d)":[513],"have":[523,548],"greater":[524,549],"(somatic":[527],"activity":[528],"interval)":[531],"than":[534,555,568,577,613,625,638],"(e)":[542],"Antiphonal":[543,623,656],"non-Antiphonal":[556],"Analysis":[558],"#3":[561],"(f)":[563],"laughed":[566,575],"couples;":[570,615],"(g)":[572],"satisfied":[573,582,629,646],"unsatisfied":[578,639,648],"primarily":[584],"contributing":[585],"differences,":[588],"(h)":[589],"no":[590,643],"between":[599,645],"husbands":[600],"wives,":[602],"(i)":[603],"proportionately":[607,621,632],"Duchenne":[609,634],"(j)":[617],"couples,":[627,640],"(k)":[628],"(l)":[642],"laughter.":[657],"implications":[659],"aging,":[665],"discussed.":[670]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
