{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1606385271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/pgpm.s35063","title":"Economic evaluations of personalized medicine: existing challenges and current developments","display_name":"Economic evaluations of personalized medicine: existing challenges and current developments","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1606385271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/pgpm.s35063","mag":"1606385271","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26309416","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4538689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/pgpm.s35063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/pgpm.s35063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/pgpm.s35063","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=25606","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764709116","display_name":"Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine","issn_l":"1178-7066","issn":["1178-7066"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=25606","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052131047","display_name":"Fatiha Hana Shabaruddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8153-073X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8153-073X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fatiha Shabaruddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014086012","display_name":"Katherine Payne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3938-4350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3938-4350","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2038-3323"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Payne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058647212","display_name":"Nigel Fleeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4637-9779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4637-9779"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigel Fleeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group (LRIG), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group (LRIG), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052131047"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"apc_list":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"apc_paid":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"fwci":2.0291,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84169884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"115","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-medicine","display_name":"personalized medicine","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-evaluation","display_name":"economic evaluation","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germline-genetic-variation","display_name":"germline genetic variation","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacogenomics","display_name":"pharmacogenomics","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-metabolism","display_name":"drug metabolism","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-testing","display_name":"diagnostic testing","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-requirements","display_name":"data requirements","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidence-generation","display_name":"evidence generation","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-utilization","display_name":"health care utilization","score":0.6610000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32220436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072214","display_name":"Personalized medicine","level":2,"score":0.736494779586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.6801350712776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.67462158203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5491743087768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.5038225054740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.47846221923828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.47212037444114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780673598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285223","display_name":"Genetic testing","level":2,"score":0.4469866454601288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3889407515525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3777294158935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.24569109082221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1513339877128601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10485127568244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.10368731617927551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.09959465265274048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2147/pgpm.s35063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/pgpm.s35063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/pgpm.s35063","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=25606","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764709116","display_name":"Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine","issn_l":"1178-7066","issn":["1178-7066"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3518503","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4538689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4538689","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4538689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmgenomics Pers Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:26309416","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26309416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:15801741651a4bba9ea15363c83ef4b2","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/15801741651a4bba9ea15363c83ef4b2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 115-126 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dovepress.com/22290","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/economic-evaluations-of-personalized-medicine-existing-challenges-and--peer-reviewed-article-PGPM","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401012","display_name":"Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Review"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/f6257696-75dc-4505-ba44-236642cd14ba","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/f6257696-75dc-4505-ba44-236642cd14ba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Shabarrudin, FH, Fleeman, N & Payne, K 2015, 'Economic evaluations of personalized medicine: existing challenges and current developments', Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine. https://doi.org/10.2147/PGPM.S35063","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/pgpm.s35063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/pgpm.s35063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/pgpm.s35063","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=25606","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764709116","display_name":"Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine","issn_l":"1178-7066","issn":["1178-7066"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1606385271.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1606385271.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186720930","https://openalex.org/W208501467","https://openalex.org/W1581469242","https://openalex.org/W1595046345","https://openalex.org/W1968192880","https://openalex.org/W1973253816","https://openalex.org/W1988911507","https://openalex.org/W1990913037","https://openalex.org/W1991175480","https://openalex.org/W1991589682","https://openalex.org/W1993617813","https://openalex.org/W2001143464","https://openalex.org/W2004706847","https://openalex.org/W2006546370","https://openalex.org/W2010034728","https://openalex.org/W2015036599","https://openalex.org/W2019464839","https://openalex.org/W2021100097","https://openalex.org/W2021566086","https://openalex.org/W2021635654","https://openalex.org/W2028590696","https://openalex.org/W2036983910","https://openalex.org/W2037823404","https://openalex.org/W2039974688","https://openalex.org/W2041352695","https://openalex.org/W2044861245","https://openalex.org/W2045324723","https://openalex.org/W2045433375","https://openalex.org/W2053543045","https://openalex.org/W2060513754","https://openalex.org/W2063533726","https://openalex.org/W2065874658","https://openalex.org/W2080675410","https://openalex.org/W2081258042","https://openalex.org/W2081674568","https://openalex.org/W2084455052","https://openalex.org/W2084654918","https://openalex.org/W2086972901","https://openalex.org/W2093252196","https://openalex.org/W2093454177","https://openalex.org/W2095950656","https://openalex.org/W2098674100","https://openalex.org/W2101862120","https://openalex.org/W2107404281","https://openalex.org/W2108182085","https://openalex.org/W2110229609","https://openalex.org/W2111331724","https://openalex.org/W2112245302","https://openalex.org/W2112941919","https://openalex.org/W2116322933","https://openalex.org/W2116601121","https://openalex.org/W2123084387","https://openalex.org/W2123312481","https://openalex.org/W2128189669","https://openalex.org/W2128911553","https://openalex.org/W2129897459","https://openalex.org/W2132117108","https://openalex.org/W2135249854","https://openalex.org/W2141254782","https://openalex.org/W2142654940","https://openalex.org/W2146978176","https://openalex.org/W2148215987","https://openalex.org/W2148525638","https://openalex.org/W2150887515","https://openalex.org/W2151967606","https://openalex.org/W2152123819","https://openalex.org/W2157839219","https://openalex.org/W2166535355","https://openalex.org/W2168508220","https://openalex.org/W2171364060","https://openalex.org/W2172024692","https://openalex.org/W2333242174","https://openalex.org/W2333548532","https://openalex.org/W2341150408","https://openalex.org/W3130545975","https://openalex.org/W4236742841","https://openalex.org/W4241932598","https://openalex.org/W4406660574","https://openalex.org/W7074126858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235106619","https://openalex.org/W2540134535","https://openalex.org/W263750143","https://openalex.org/W4244417472","https://openalex.org/W2983479024","https://openalex.org/W256255033","https://openalex.org/W2039974688","https://openalex.org/W2038945177","https://openalex.org/W4289209795","https://openalex.org/W2933439388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Personalized":[0],"medicine,":[1],"with":[2,73],"the":[3,62,77,98,101,109,112,157,172,186,195,211,215,231],"aim":[4],"of":[5,46,56,64,76,84,92,100,159,166,178,199,213,217],"safely,":[6],"effectively,":[7],"and":[8,40,58,86,129,180,197,219,238],"cost-effectively":[9],"targeting":[10],"treatment":[11,32],"to":[12,60,123,134,190,209,233],"a":[13,20,127],"prespecified":[14],"patient":[15,152],"population,":[16],"has":[17],"always":[18],"been":[19],"long-time":[21],"goal":[22],"within":[23],"health":[24,47,68],"care.":[25,69],"It":[26],"is":[27,51,241],"often":[28],"argued":[29],"that":[30,185,228],"personalizing":[31],"will":[33],"inevitably":[34],"improve":[35],"clinical":[36,57,160],"outcomes":[37],"for":[38,53,118,175,243,246],"patients":[39],"help":[41],"achieve":[42],"more":[43],"effective":[44],"use":[45,63],"care":[48],"resources.":[49],"Demand":[50],"increasing":[52],"demonstrable":[54],"evidence":[55,245],"cost-effectiveness":[59,216],"support":[61],"personalized":[65,93],"medicine":[66],"in":[67,80,111,126,138,141],"This":[70],"paper":[71,96,170],"begins":[72],"an":[74,90],"overview":[75],"existing":[78,200],"challenges":[79,102,188,212],"conducting":[81],"economic":[82,176],"evaluations":[83,177],"genetics-":[85],"genomics-targeted":[87],"technologies,":[88,221],"as":[89],"example":[91],"medicine.":[94],"Our":[95],"illustrates":[97],"complexity":[99],"faced":[103,114],"by":[104,107,115,204],"these":[105,247],"technologies":[106,182],"highlighting":[108],"variations":[110],"issues":[113,227],"diagnostic":[116],"tests":[117,146],"somatic":[119],"variations,":[120,131],"generally":[121,132],"referring":[122,133],"genetic":[124,136],"variation":[125,137],"tumor,":[128],"germline":[130],"inherited":[135],"enzymes":[139],"involved":[140],"drug":[142],"metabolic":[143],"pathways.":[144],"These":[145],"are":[147,229],"typically":[148],"aimed":[149,208],"at":[150],"stratifying":[151],"populations":[153],"into":[154],"subgroups":[155],"on":[156],"basis":[158],"effectiveness":[161],"(response)":[162],"or":[163],"safety":[164],"(avoidance":[165],"adverse":[167],"events).":[168],"The":[169],"summarizes":[171],"data":[173,191],"requirements":[174,192],"genetics":[179,218],"genomics-based":[181,220],"while":[183],"outlining":[184],"main":[187],"relating":[189],"revolve":[193,223],"around":[194,224],"availability":[196],"quality":[198],"data.":[201],"We":[202],"conclude":[203],"discussing":[205],"current":[206],"developments":[207],"address":[210],"assessing":[214],"which":[222],"two":[225],"central":[226],"interlinked:":[230],"need":[232],"adapt":[234],"available":[235],"evaluation":[236],"methods":[237],"identifying":[239],"who":[240],"responsible":[242],"generating":[244],"technologies.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}