{"id":"https://openalex.org/W160535061","doi":null,"title":"Image analysis of the tapetal-like reflex in carriers of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa.","display_name":"Image analysis of the tapetal-like reflex in carriers of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W160535061","mag":"160535061","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7928178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7928178","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7928178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050082615","display_name":"Artur V. Cideciyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-0905","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-0905"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A V Cideciyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, FL 33136"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, FL 33136","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075246209","display_name":"Samuel G. Jacobson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-169X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-169X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S G Jacobson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, FL 33136"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, FL 33136","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6308,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81367726,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"11","first_page":"3812","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.017799999564886093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-linked-retinitis-pigmentosa","display_name":"X-linked retinitis pigmentosa","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-chromosome-inactivation","display_name":"X chromosome inactivation","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus-photography","display_name":"fundus photography","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"image segmentation","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-morphology","display_name":"mathematical morphology","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-degeneration","display_name":"retinal degeneration","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cone-photoreceptors","display_name":"cone photoreceptors","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus-reflectance","display_name":"fundus reflectance","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83974742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179405","display_name":"Reflex","level":2,"score":0.8058804273605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781114197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847057","display_name":"Retinitis pigmentosa","level":3,"score":0.7168644070625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.6567988395690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.5399287939071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.5192739963531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.4961276948451996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4423280656337738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781040256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316761","display_name":"Retinal degeneration","level":3,"score":0.41808775067329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.3711637854576111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30016088485717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2879152297973633}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006579","descriptor_name":"Heterozygote","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008040","descriptor_name":"Genetic Linkage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012018","descriptor_name":"Reflex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012174","descriptor_name":"Retinitis Pigmentosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012174","descriptor_name":"Retinitis Pigmentosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014960","descriptor_name":"X Chromosome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7928178","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7928178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:160535061","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7928178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8662322826","display_name":"PATHOGENESIS OF RETINAL DEGENERATIONS","funder_award_id":"R01EY005627","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80132047","https://openalex.org/W83385134","https://openalex.org/W100269696","https://openalex.org/W110054614","https://openalex.org/W114924829","https://openalex.org/W172786024","https://openalex.org/W182483785","https://openalex.org/W1488352649","https://openalex.org/W1535979497","https://openalex.org/W1575727381","https://openalex.org/W1577290027","https://openalex.org/W1871204601","https://openalex.org/W1970928574","https://openalex.org/W1972825485","https://openalex.org/W1981971794","https://openalex.org/W1997191187","https://openalex.org/W2003676836","https://openalex.org/W2003900565","https://openalex.org/W2008396993","https://openalex.org/W2009124758","https://openalex.org/W2010075801","https://openalex.org/W2010265531","https://openalex.org/W2022424292","https://openalex.org/W2029146706","https://openalex.org/W2035097277","https://openalex.org/W2040695729","https://openalex.org/W2043394051","https://openalex.org/W2045166844","https://openalex.org/W2048364332","https://openalex.org/W2051602911","https://openalex.org/W2057403575","https://openalex.org/W2060671152","https://openalex.org/W2060816510","https://openalex.org/W2064139298","https://openalex.org/W2064619185","https://openalex.org/W2073317929","https://openalex.org/W2073608466","https://openalex.org/W2076676497","https://openalex.org/W2077831634","https://openalex.org/W2079375346","https://openalex.org/W2084703700","https://openalex.org/W2088922184","https://openalex.org/W2090899917","https://openalex.org/W2100684043","https://openalex.org/W2113598963","https://openalex.org/W2119690537","https://openalex.org/W2127731890","https://openalex.org/W2134021808","https://openalex.org/W2141872586","https://openalex.org/W2160930382","https://openalex.org/W2197802401","https://openalex.org/W2274596595","https://openalex.org/W2335821190","https://openalex.org/W2418802570","https://openalex.org/W2419435915","https://openalex.org/W2492155486","https://openalex.org/W2533466254","https://openalex.org/W2546882317","https://openalex.org/W3024125022","https://openalex.org/W4313371764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2319837264","https://openalex.org/W1516665451","https://openalex.org/W1786684296","https://openalex.org/W4406225618","https://openalex.org/W2138987993","https://openalex.org/W2329823692","https://openalex.org/W1820201956","https://openalex.org/W2274596595","https://openalex.org/W2768563142","https://openalex.org/W4411779854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"To":[1],"increase":[2],"understanding":[3],"of":[4,15,24,35,82,103,116,151,176,182,201,218,236],"the":[5,36,43,51,91,117,148,172,177,191,199,202,205,209,214,219,227,231,237],"tapetal-like":[6],"reflex":[7,96,220],"(TLR),":[8],"a":[9,101,109,143,234],"unique":[10],"retinal":[11,45,52,238],"feature":[12],"in":[13,157,164,171,213],"carriers":[14,26],"X-linked":[16],"retinitis":[17],"pigmentosa":[18],"(XLRP).":[19],"METHODS:":[20],"Color":[21],"fundus":[22],"photographs":[23],"XLRP":[25],"were":[27,71],"digitized":[28],"at":[29,184],"high":[30,185],"resolution.":[31],"A":[32],"mathematical":[33],"model":[34],"imaging":[37],"system":[38],"was":[39,48,61],"used":[40,62],"to":[41,63,75],"restore":[42],"digital":[44],"images.":[46],"TLR":[47,192,232],"separated":[49],"from":[50,68],"background":[53],"with":[54,100],"an":[55,194],"automated":[56],"segmentation":[57],"method.":[58],"Mathematical":[59],"morphology":[60],"estimate":[64],"directional":[65],"properties.":[66],"Images":[67],"serial":[69],"photos":[70],"registered":[72],"and":[73,107,139,160,174,186],"compared":[74],"study":[76],"temporal":[77],"progression.":[78],"RESULTS:":[79],"Quantitative":[80],"analysis":[81],"well-focused":[83],"funduscopic":[84],"images":[85,152],"show":[86,167],"point-like":[87],"unit":[88,95,124,203],"reflexes":[89,125,183],"forming":[90],"TLR.":[92,215],"The":[93,180,216],"average":[94],"is":[97,233],"circularly":[98],"symmetric":[99],"diameter":[102],"approximately":[104],"8.5":[105],"microns":[106],"has":[108],"maximum":[110],"reflectance":[111],"40%":[112],"higher":[113],"than":[114,223],"that":[115,130,190,208,230],"neighboring":[118],"nonreflex":[119],"retina.":[120],"Two":[121],"or":[122],"more":[123,222],"form":[126],"small":[127],"elongate":[128],"patches":[129,141],"can":[131],"cluster":[132],"together":[133],"into":[134],"larger":[135,140],"patches.":[136],"Both":[137],"smaller":[138],"have":[142],"strong":[144],"preferential":[145],"direction":[146],"toward":[147],"fovea.":[149],"Comparison":[150],"taken":[153],"23":[154],"years":[155,162],"apart":[156,163],"one":[158],"patient":[159,166],"3":[161],"another":[165],"no":[168],"detectable":[169],"changes":[170],"size":[173,200],"location":[175],"reflexes.":[178],"CONCLUSIONS:":[179],"pattern":[181],"low":[187],"resolution":[188],"suggests":[189],"represents":[193],"X-inactivation":[195],"mosaic.":[196],"Based":[197],"on":[198],"reflexes,":[204],"authors":[206],"speculate":[207],"cone":[210],"photoreceptors":[211],"participate":[212],"stability":[217],"over":[221],"two":[224],"decades":[225],"questions":[226],"longstanding":[228],"assumption":[229],"stage":[235],"degeneration.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
