{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1604527872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.560624","title":"Distrust - the Hidden Cost of Control","display_name":"Distrust - the Hidden Cost of Control","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1604527872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.560624","mag":"1604527872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.560624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.560624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.560624","pdf_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=560624","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=560624","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084716352","display_name":"Armin Falk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7284-3002","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7284-3002"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109087","display_name":"BRIQ Institute on Behavior and Inequality","ror":"https://ror.org/01tbnxe16","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109087"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Armin Falk","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn - Economic Science Area","briq - Institute on Behavior & Inequality, Schaumburg-Lippe-Stra\u00dfe 5-9, Bonn, 53113, Germany","briq - Institute on Behavior & Inequality"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn - Economic Science Area","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"briq - Institute on Behavior & Inequality, Schaumburg-Lippe-Stra\u00dfe 5-9, Bonn, 53113, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"briq - Institute on Behavior & Inequality","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053840182","display_name":"Michael Kosfeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-0825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-0825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340728805","display_name":"Ifo Institute for Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/045495t75","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340728805","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197518295","display_name":"IZA - Institute of Labor Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/029s44460","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140326","display_name":"Centre for Economic Policy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04jzmdh37","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Kosfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute), Poschinger Str. 5, Munich, DE-81679, Germany","Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London, United Kingdom","Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 4, Frankfurt am Main, 60323, Germany","IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Schaumburg-Lippe-Str. 7 / 9, Bonn, D-53072, Germany","University of Bonn - Center for Development Research (ZEF), Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn, NRW 53113, Germany","CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute)","Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)","Goethe University Frankfurt","IZA Institute of Labor Economics","University of Bonn - Center for Development Research (ZEF)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute), Poschinger Str. 5, Munich, DE-81679, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340728805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 4, Frankfurt am Main, 60323, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Schaumburg-Lippe-Str. 7 / 9, Bonn, D-53072, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn - Center for Development Research (ZEF), Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn, NRW 53113, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340728805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goethe University Frankfurt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IZA Institute of Labor Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn - Center for Development Research (ZEF)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084716352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700","https://openalex.org/I4210109087"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distrust","display_name":"distrust","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-agent-relationship","display_name":"principal-agent relationship","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-performance-requirements","display_name":"minimum performance requirements","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agent-motivation","display_name":"agent motivation","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opportunism","display_name":"opportunism","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explicit-incentives","display_name":"explicit incentives","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incomplete-contracts","display_name":"incomplete contracts","score":0.878000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778321746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621922","display_name":"Distrust","level":2,"score":0.9309765100479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5592115521430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37678301334381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.34112924337387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.328214168548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.31528162956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.26449230313301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22952523827552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09773844480514526}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.560624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.560624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.560624","pdf_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=560624","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:iza:izadps:dp1203","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://docs.iza.org/dp1203.pdf","pdf_url":"https://docs.iza.org/dp1203.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:zur:iewwpx:193","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/52089/1/iewwp193.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/52089/1/iewwp193.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.321.7744","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.321.7744","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.iza.org/conference_files/wepe2004/falk_a598.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.95.7777","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.95.7777","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ftp.iza.org/dp1203.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:4512","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=4512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/20456","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/20456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:20.500.14742/64383","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/handle/20.500.14742/64383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Falk, A., & Kosfeld, M. (2004). Distrust - The Hidden Cost of Control (No. 193; Working Paper Series / Institute for Empirical Research in Economics).","raw_type":"Working Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.560624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.560624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.560624","pdf_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=560624","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G334126185","display_name":"Die Oekonomie und Psychologie von Anreizen.","funder_award_id":"67751","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306142","display_name":"John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00dxczh48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1604527872.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1604527872.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518436165","https://openalex.org/W1552120725","https://openalex.org/W1569196614","https://openalex.org/W1592631883","https://openalex.org/W1599656298","https://openalex.org/W1852922724","https://openalex.org/W1922355402","https://openalex.org/W1930580325","https://openalex.org/W1974764876","https://openalex.org/W2001776363","https://openalex.org/W2029009881","https://openalex.org/W2031687651","https://openalex.org/W2060112242","https://openalex.org/W2068232084","https://openalex.org/W2081124617","https://openalex.org/W2083080613","https://openalex.org/W2086304507","https://openalex.org/W2097999976","https://openalex.org/W2100637225","https://openalex.org/W2101311377","https://openalex.org/W2105110784","https://openalex.org/W2124203762","https://openalex.org/W2135410596","https://openalex.org/W2143296610","https://openalex.org/W2144695778","https://openalex.org/W2150742643","https://openalex.org/W2151678399","https://openalex.org/W2153224615","https://openalex.org/W2160665943","https://openalex.org/W2167097853","https://openalex.org/W2168112513","https://openalex.org/W2170478564","https://openalex.org/W2745547123","https://openalex.org/W3022009422","https://openalex.org/W3022808291","https://openalex.org/W3122520279","https://openalex.org/W3122927161","https://openalex.org/W3123190515","https://openalex.org/W3123592183","https://openalex.org/W3123711457","https://openalex.org/W3123741092","https://openalex.org/W3123910962","https://openalex.org/W3124248769","https://openalex.org/W3125942516","https://openalex.org/W4211184719","https://openalex.org/W6660946398","https://openalex.org/W6671241224","https://openalex.org/W6683873998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098494449","https://openalex.org/W7097878081","https://openalex.org/W2029764184","https://openalex.org/W1538288472","https://openalex.org/W2055157650","https://openalex.org/W2004096442","https://openalex.org/W3123844929","https://openalex.org/W7095798334","https://openalex.org/W7100271593","https://openalex.org/W3211460457"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}