{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1604047010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/cir930k","title":"International strategic minerals inventory summary report; vanadium","display_name":"International strategic minerals inventory summary report; vanadium","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1604047010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/cir930k","mag":"1604047010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3133/cir930k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/cir930k","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/cir930k","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229095","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey circular/U.S. Geological Survey Circular","issn_l":"1067-084X","issn":["1067-084X","2330-5703","2332-3302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319934","host_organization_name":"United States Geological Survey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319934","https://openalex.org/P4310316088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["United States Geological Survey","United States Department of the Interior"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circular","raw_type":"report-component"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"I. Goldberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Goldberg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046114648","display_name":"Erik C.I. Hammerbeck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.C.I. Hammerbeck","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019310907","display_name":"Les Labuschagne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-3034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-3034"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.S. Labuschagne","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"C. Rossouw","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Rossouw","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13021","display_name":"Geology and Environmental Impact Studies","score":0.3813000023365021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13021","display_name":"Geology and Environmental Impact Studies","score":0.3813000023365021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11933","display_name":"Mining and Resource Management","score":0.1729000061750412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13065","display_name":"Mining Techniques and Economics","score":0.08980000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vanadium","display_name":"vanadium","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-minerals","display_name":"strategic minerals","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-resources","display_name":"mineral resources","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vanadium-pentoxide","display_name":"vanadium pentoxide","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steelmaking","display_name":"steel industry","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titanomagnetite","display_name":"titanomagnetite","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bushveld-complex","display_name":"Bushveld Complex","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vanadium-production","display_name":"vanadium production","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-grade-ore","display_name":"low-grade ore","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-supply","display_name":"mineral supply","score":0.4189999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504678139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722","display_name":"Vanadium","level":2,"score":0.8118218779563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6587507128715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.5314093232154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.44002580642700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3928601145744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.35368606448173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.3494842052459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3007147014141083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.1729561984539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1399773359298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.09870648384094238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.08571434020996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3133/cir930k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/cir930k","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/cir930k","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229095","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey circular/U.S. Geological Survey Circular","issn_l":"1067-084X","issn":["1067-084X","2330-5703","2332-3302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319934","host_organization_name":"United States Geological Survey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319934","https://openalex.org/P4310316088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["United States Geological Survey","United States Department of the Interior"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circular","raw_type":"report-component"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W280347373","https://openalex.org/W645547174","https://openalex.org/W967984705","https://openalex.org/W1590456308","https://openalex.org/W1978138636","https://openalex.org/W1988971194","https://openalex.org/W2252324685","https://openalex.org/W2331783155","https://openalex.org/W2591575783","https://openalex.org/W3114273071","https://openalex.org/W3124201178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248496545","https://openalex.org/W2351783880","https://openalex.org/W4249075288","https://openalex.org/W2093837522","https://openalex.org/W7008351827","https://openalex.org/W2039743365","https://openalex.org/W2347936233","https://openalex.org/W7172397344","https://openalex.org/W4362474429","https://openalex.org/W6901996011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Major":[0],"world":[1,120,138,158],"resources":[2,72,159,210],"of":[3,11,26,37,41,51,70,76,86,114,136,143,167,171,182,187,198,234],"vanadium":[4,77,116,145,168,193,209],"are":[5,130,176],"described":[6],"in":[7,13,31,106,118,123,208],"this":[8],"summary":[9],"report":[10],"information":[12,89],"the":[14,34,39,44,48,71,115,119,131,137,172,177,184,191,199,205,226,231,239],"International":[15],"Strategic":[16],"Minerals":[17],"Inventory":[18],"(ISMI).":[19],"ISMI":[20,97],"is":[21,102,190,218,249],"a":[22],"cooperative":[23],"data-collection":[24],"effort":[25],"earth-science":[27],"and":[28,47,59,73,90,92,128,181,211,238],"mineral-resource":[29,91],"agencies":[30],"Australia,":[32],"Canada,":[33],"Federal":[35],"Republic":[36,40,233],"Germany,":[38],"South":[42,188,203,224],"Africa,":[43,225],"United":[45,49,240],"Kingdom,":[46],"States":[50,241],"America.":[52],"This":[53,246],"report,":[54],"designed":[55],"to":[56,220,251],"benefit":[57],"geologists":[58],"policy":[60],"analysts,":[61],"contains":[62,84],"two":[63],"parts.":[64],"Part":[65,82],"I":[66],"presents":[67],"an":[68,104],"overview":[69],"potential":[74],"supply":[75],"based":[78],"on":[79],"inventory":[80],"information.":[81],"II":[83],"tables":[85],"some":[87],"geologic":[88],"production":[93,217,247],"data":[94],"collected":[95],"by":[96],"participants.":[98],"Vanadium's":[99],"greatest":[100],"application":[101],"as":[103],"additive":[105],"steel.":[107],"During":[108],"1984,":[109],"for":[110,253],"example,":[111],"90":[112],"percent":[113],"produced":[117],"was":[121],"consumed":[122],"steelmaking.":[124],"The":[125,195],"Soviet":[126,227],"Union":[127,228],"China":[129,235],"only":[132,221],"major":[133,215],"steel":[134],"producers":[135],"that":[139],"meet":[140],"significant":[141],"proportions":[142],"their":[144],"needs":[146],"from":[147,151,243],"domestic":[148],"sources,":[149],"albeit":[150],"relatively":[152],"low-grade":[153],"ores.":[154],"Reliable":[155],"economically":[156,179],"exploitable":[157],"total":[160],"greater":[161],"than":[162],"22":[163],"million":[164],"metric":[165],"tons":[166],"pentoxide.":[169],"Deposits":[170],"titaniferous":[173],"magnetite":[174],"type":[175],"most":[178],"important,":[180],"these":[183],"Bushveld":[185,200],"Complex":[186],"Africa":[189,204],"principal":[192],"resource.":[194],"high-grade":[196],"tenor":[197],"ore":[201],"renders":[202],"world's":[206],"leader":[207],"production.":[212],"Present":[213],"(1990)":[214],"primary":[216],"confined":[219],"four":[222],"countries:":[223],"(low-grade":[229,236],"ore),":[230,237],"Peoples":[232],"(partly":[242],"imported":[244],"materials).":[245],"trend":[248],"likely":[250],"continue":[252],"many":[254],"years.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}