{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1603595813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011174421603","title":"Ingredients in the Early Development of the U.S. Biotechnology Industry","display_name":"Ingredients in the Early Development of the U.S. Biotechnology Industry","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1603595813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011174421603","mag":"1603595813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1011174421603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011174421603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011174421603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41869786","display_name":"Small Business Economics","issn_l":"0921-898X","issn":["0921-898X","1573-0913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small Business Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069238907","display_name":"Martha Prevezer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28257850","display_name":"London South Bank University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vwnat91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28257850"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martha Prevezer","raw_affiliation_strings":["South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, U.K","South Bank University, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28257850"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Bank University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28257850"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069238907"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28257850"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.7723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99165886,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1-2","first_page":"17","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14293","display_name":"Biotechnology and Related Fields","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14293","display_name":"Biotechnology and Related Fields","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13276","display_name":"University-Industry-Government Innovation Models","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology-industry","display_name":"biotechnology industry","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-development","display_name":"industry development","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/europe","display_name":"Europe","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-start-up","display_name":"startups","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venture-capital","display_name":"venture capital","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-research-funding","display_name":"health research funding","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-entrepreneurship","display_name":"university entrepreneurship","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-industry-relations","display_name":"university-industry relations","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-alliances","display_name":"strategic alliances","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incumbent-firms","display_name":"incumbent firms","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutics","display_name":"therapeutics","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-biotechnology","display_name":"agricultural biotechnology","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercialization","display_name":"commercialization","score":0.6990000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780625559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152592","display_name":"Commercialization","level":2,"score":0.8034968376159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21279758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219409","display_name":"Venture capital","level":2,"score":0.7591617703437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.6510657072067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.538402795791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4299435317516327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191093397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939645","display_name":"Seed money","level":2,"score":0.4112918972969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3281725347042084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3149721026420593}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1011174421603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011174421603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011174421603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41869786","display_name":"Small Business Economics","issn_l":"0921-898X","issn":["0921-898X","1573-0913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small Business Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171670394","https://openalex.org/W307779929","https://openalex.org/W334811422","https://openalex.org/W569179843","https://openalex.org/W1486027917","https://openalex.org/W1508939875","https://openalex.org/W1521992005","https://openalex.org/W1556486296","https://openalex.org/W1569280907","https://openalex.org/W1578719302","https://openalex.org/W1593180099","https://openalex.org/W1972043746","https://openalex.org/W1983392437","https://openalex.org/W1983491815","https://openalex.org/W2024465914","https://openalex.org/W2048587931","https://openalex.org/W2108795964","https://openalex.org/W2128096549","https://openalex.org/W2159768694","https://openalex.org/W2161159763","https://openalex.org/W2505616623","https://openalex.org/W2798400381","https://openalex.org/W2802019512","https://openalex.org/W3121216328","https://openalex.org/W3122996776","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388151451","https://openalex.org/W7006278651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W11642941","https://openalex.org/W1585479299","https://openalex.org/W4241418046","https://openalex.org/W4253206513","https://openalex.org/W2074280967","https://openalex.org/W2467573147","https://openalex.org/W4242889367","https://openalex.org/W2491512739","https://openalex.org/W175106281","https://openalex.org/W7019078180"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
