{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1603419337","doi":null,"title":"The black-white test score gap widens with age?","display_name":"The black-white test score gap widens with age?","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1603419337","mag":"1603419337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aub:autbar:670.06","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pareto.uab.es/wp/2006/67006.pdf","pdf_url":"http://pareto.uab.es/wp/2006/67006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/record/45263","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002055751","display_name":"Michael Creel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0944-8405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0944-8405"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Creel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0944-8405","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049454252","display_name":"Montserrat Farell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Montserrat Farell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.7113999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.7113999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.2046000063419342,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11676","display_name":"Parental Involvement in Education","score":0.052799999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-white-test-score-gap","display_name":"Black-White test score gap","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-achievement","display_name":"cognitive achievement","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-education","display_name":"parental education","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-effects","display_name":"age effects","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities-in-education","display_name":"racial inequality in education","score":0.5860000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139876678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524004","display_name":"Production function","level":3,"score":0.6946585774421692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6331360340118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5820322036743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5187647342681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5145487189292908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777169553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7130814","display_name":"Panel Study of Income Dynamics","level":2,"score":0.5126256346702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.453273206949234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4292926788330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4280863106250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4254257380962372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777101753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5433336","display_name":"Family income","level":2,"score":0.42323267459869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4197606146335602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98347192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705804","display_name":"Test score","level":3,"score":0.41594499349594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.37767112255096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203151758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907","display_name":"Standardized test","level":2,"score":0.22587871551513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17054036259651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.10978719592094421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08350956439971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aub:autbar:670.06","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pareto.uab.es/wp/2006/67006.pdf","pdf_url":"http://pareto.uab.es/wp/2006/67006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ddd.uab.cat:45263","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/record/45263","pdf_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/record/45263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400380","display_name":"Dip\u00f2sit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","host_organization_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Working paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/1728","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/1728","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/1728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Documento de trabajo"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.recercat.cat:2072/3644","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2072/3644","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2072/3644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402147","display_name":"RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper"},{"id":"mag:1603419337","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/1728/1/67006.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ddd.uab.cat:45263","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/record/45263","pdf_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/record/45263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400380","display_name":"Dip\u00f2sit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","host_organization_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Working paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1603419337.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1603419337.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496328684","https://openalex.org/W1548380465","https://openalex.org/W1572744487","https://openalex.org/W1978844235","https://openalex.org/W2071346964","https://openalex.org/W2108818539","https://openalex.org/W2119237655","https://openalex.org/W2121000418","https://openalex.org/W2122153309","https://openalex.org/W2126058247","https://openalex.org/W2169307545","https://openalex.org/W2178742119","https://openalex.org/W3021983229","https://openalex.org/W3022630875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169480100","https://openalex.org/W2121000418","https://openalex.org/W2110509883","https://openalex.org/W2109005539","https://openalex.org/W7099970286","https://openalex.org/W1998466039","https://openalex.org/W2011665103","https://openalex.org/W2038929845","https://openalex.org/W3006303087","https://openalex.org/W1506389054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,71],"re-examine":[2],"the":[3,23,69,85,95,100,143],"theoretical":[4],"concept":[5],"of":[6,37,46,60,66,76,94,103,122,147,160],"a":[7,50,57,135],"production":[8,18,52,78],"function":[9,19,53],"for":[10,80,158],"cognitive":[11],"achievement,":[12],"and":[13,39,111,117,124,163,179],"argue":[14],"that":[15,20,25,54,137],"an":[16,34,43],"indirect":[17,77],"depends":[21,55],"upon":[22,56],"variables":[24],"constrain":[26],"parents'":[27,112,174],"choices":[28],"is":[29,49],"both":[30],"more":[31,40],"tractable":[32],"from":[33,42,84,91,139],"econometric":[35,74],"point":[36,45],"view,":[38],"interesting":[41],"economic":[44],"view":[47],"than":[48],"direct":[51,61],"detailed":[58],"list":[59],"inputs":[62],"such":[63],"as":[64,131],"number":[65],"books":[67],"in":[68,142,169],"household.":[70],"estimate":[72],"flexible":[73],"models":[75],"functions":[79],"two":[81,92],"achievement":[82,104,148],"measures":[83,105],"Woodcock-Johnson":[86],"Revised":[87],"battery,":[88],"using":[89],"data":[90],"waves":[93],"Child":[96],"Development":[97],"Supplement":[98],"to":[99,108,152,173],"PSID.":[101],"Elasticities":[102],"with":[106,150,171],"respect":[107,151,172],"family":[109,153],"income":[110,154],"educational":[113,175],"levels":[114,176],"are":[115,155,165],"positive":[116],"significant.":[118],"Gaps":[119],"between":[120],"scores":[121,149],"black":[123,161],"white":[125],"children":[126,132,159],"narrow":[127],"or":[128],"remain":[129],"constant":[130],"grow":[133],"older,":[134],"result":[136],"differs":[138],"previous":[140],"findings":[141],"literature.":[144],"The":[145],"elasticities":[146,170],"substantially":[156],"higher":[157],"families,":[162],"there":[164],"some":[166],"notable":[167],"difference":[168],"across":[177],"blacks":[178],"whites.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}