{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1600965475","doi":null,"title":"Behaviour of wintering Tundra Swans Cygnus columbianus columbianus at the Eel River delta and Humboldt Bay, California, USA","display_name":"Behaviour of wintering Tundra Swans Cygnus columbianus columbianus at the Eel River delta and Humboldt Bay, California, USA","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1600965475","mag":"1600965475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.701.7715","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.701.7715","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www2.humboldt.edu/wildlife/faculty/black/pdf/Black%202010%20TUSW%20Wildfowl.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/1222","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109587339","display_name":"Jeffrey M. Black","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192389796","display_name":"Cal Poly Humboldt","ror":"https://ror.org/02qt0xs84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192389796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey M. Black","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N#Humboldt State University#N#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#Humboldt State University#N#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192389796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082398390","display_name":"Carol Gress","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Gress","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037540216","display_name":"Jacob W. Byers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob W. Byers","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Emily C. Jennings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7687-5319","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7687-5319"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily C. Jennings","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7687-5319","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067696164","display_name":"Craig R. Ely","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig R. Ely","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08659115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"60","first_page":"38","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10089","display_name":"Avian ecology and behavior","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10089","display_name":"Avian ecology and behavior","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10659","display_name":"Marine animal studies overview","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tundra-swan","display_name":"Tundra Swan","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roosting-behavior","display_name":"roosting behavior","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-budget","display_name":"activity budget","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waterfowl-migration","display_name":"waterfowl migration","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ephemeral-pools","display_name":"ephemeral ponds","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brood-size","display_name":"brood size","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cygnets","display_name":"cygnets","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/everyday-mobility","display_name":"daily mobility","score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-breeding-season","display_name":"non-breeding season","score":0.5260000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115880899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124247","display_name":"Bay","level":2,"score":0.787057101726532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125069764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43262","display_name":"Tundra","level":3,"score":0.7248091697692871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76947770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4533181","display_name":"Ephemeral key","level":2,"score":0.68520587682724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.6242944002151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5984237790107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134215735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120997","display_name":"Flock","level":2,"score":0.5740221738815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165287380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916569","display_name":"Foraging","level":2,"score":0.5724464058876038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5072461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49506","display_name":"Delta","level":2,"score":0.5358660817146301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776834261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21651","display_name":"Waterfowl","level":3,"score":0.44427186250686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157655426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170185","display_name":"Guano","level":2,"score":0.42240041494369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4107488989830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.22717469930648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.22256726026535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.21321618556976318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0970241129398346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.701.7715","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.701.7715","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www2.humboldt.edu/wildlife/faculty/black/pdf/Black%202010%20TUSW%20Wildfowl.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.wildfowl.wwt.org.uk:article/1222","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/1222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401570","display_name":"Wildfowl (Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210133351","host_organization_name":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133351"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wildfowl; Wildfowl 60; 38-51","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:1600965475","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70101079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wildfowl","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.wildfowl.wwt.org.uk:article/1222","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/1222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401570","display_name":"Wildfowl (Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210133351","host_organization_name":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133351"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wildfowl; Wildfowl 60; 38-51","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24132021","https://openalex.org/W424088289","https://openalex.org/W1499815538","https://openalex.org/W1531616684","https://openalex.org/W1539879005","https://openalex.org/W1587021543","https://openalex.org/W1666561011","https://openalex.org/W1907821784","https://openalex.org/W1968051412","https://openalex.org/W1980779863","https://openalex.org/W1983922465","https://openalex.org/W1993453489","https://openalex.org/W1998701350","https://openalex.org/W2002664886","https://openalex.org/W2004380346","https://openalex.org/W2021411210","https://openalex.org/W2038004637","https://openalex.org/W2061066236","https://openalex.org/W2069190301","https://openalex.org/W2072981059","https://openalex.org/W2077449865","https://openalex.org/W2084105830","https://openalex.org/W2109458194","https://openalex.org/W2119226395","https://openalex.org/W2124821856","https://openalex.org/W2205987009","https://openalex.org/W2235182801","https://openalex.org/W2277161822","https://openalex.org/W2285299852","https://openalex.org/W2325554379","https://openalex.org/W2498606512","https://openalex.org/W2802065063","https://openalex.org/W3020287218"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095837560","https://openalex.org/W7099858376","https://openalex.org/W2235182801","https://openalex.org/W3084473769","https://openalex.org/W2146337470","https://openalex.org/W7099399516","https://openalex.org/W1499815538","https://openalex.org/W1497076366","https://openalex.org/W4391477611","https://openalex.org/W1004138092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tundra":[0,196,200],"Swan":[1],"Cygnus":[2],"columbianus":[3],"columbinanus":[4],"phenology":[5],"and":[6,13,42,50,78,92,95,104,110,122,126,165,206,214],"behaviour":[7,161],"at":[8,31,48,59,178],"the":[9,40,60,73,76,82,93,99,112,117,139,173,204,218,238,247],"Eel":[10,83],"River":[11,84],"delta":[12],"southern":[14],"Humboldt":[15,61],"Bay":[16,62],"in":[17,34,46,72,98,116,141,146,172,181,232,246],"northern":[18],"California,":[19],"USA,":[20],"is":[21],"described.":[22],"Counts":[23],"made":[24],"each":[25,131],"January":[26],"from":[27,138],"1963":[28],"onwards":[29],"peaked":[30,45],"1,502":[32],"swans":[33,52,135,170],"1988.":[35],"Monthly":[36],"counts":[37],"recorded":[38],"during":[39],"2006/07":[41],"2008/09":[43,109],"winters":[44,108],"February,":[47],"1,033":[49],"772":[51],"respectively.":[53],"Swans":[54,201],"roosted":[55],"on":[56,66],"ephemeral":[57,67],"ponds":[58,68,96],"National":[63],"Wildlife":[64],"Refuge,":[65,77],"within":[69],"grassland":[70],"pastures":[71,94],"vicinity":[74],"of":[75,114,154,157,184,209],"perhaps":[79],"also":[80],"used":[81],"as":[85],"a":[86],"roost.":[87],"Flights":[88],"between":[89],"Refuge":[90],"roosts":[91],"occurred":[97],"two":[100],"hours":[101],"after":[102,133],"sunrise":[103],"before":[105],"dark.":[106],"In":[107],"2009/10,":[111],"percentage":[113],"cygnets":[115,130],"flocks":[118],"was":[119,148],"10.6":[120],"%":[121,124],"21.4":[123],"respectively,":[125],"increased":[127],"to":[128,187],"\u226531%":[129],"year":[132],"most":[134,207],"had":[136],"departed":[137],"area":[140],"March.":[142],"Average":[143],"brood":[144],"size":[145],"2009/10":[147],"2.1":[149],"cygnets.":[150],"Daily":[151],"activities":[152,158],"consisted":[153],"foraging":[155],"(44.9%":[156],"recorded),":[159],"comfort":[160],"(22.1%),":[162],"locomotion":[163],"(16.2%)":[164],"vigilance":[166],"(15.5%).":[167],"Eight":[168],"neck-collared":[169],"identified":[171],"wintering":[174,198],"flock":[175],"were":[176],"marked":[177],"four":[179],"locations":[180],"different":[182],"parts":[183],"Alaska,":[185],"up":[186],"1,300":[188],"km":[189],"apart.":[190],"Key":[191],"words:":[192],"activity":[193],"budgets,":[194],"movements,":[195],"Swan,":[197],"behaviour.":[199],"are":[202,236],"amongst":[203,237],"largest":[205],"esteemed":[208],"waterfowl,":[210],"with":[211],"their":[212],"beauty":[213],"annual":[215],"migration":[216],"capturing":[217],"human":[219],"imagination":[220],"(Scott":[221],"&":[222,242],"The":[223],"Wildfowl":[224],"Trust":[225],"1971;":[226],"Todd":[227],"1997;":[228],"Kear":[229],"1990),":[230],"yet":[231],"North":[233],"America":[234],"they":[235],"least":[239],"studied":[240],"(Limpert":[241],"Earnst":[243],"1994),":[244],"particularly":[245],"non-breeding":[248],"period":[249],"(sensu":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}