{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1600560818","doi":null,"title":"Are More Start-Ups Really Better? Quantity and Quality of New Businesses and Their Effect on Regional Development","display_name":"Are More Start-Ups Really Better? Quantity and Quality of New Businesses and Their Effect on Regional Development","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1600560818","mag":"1600560818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2009-070","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oweb.b67.uni-jena.de/Papers/jerp2009/wp_2009_070.pdf","pdf_url":"https://oweb.b67.uni-jena.de/Papers/jerp2009/wp_2009_070.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025843455","display_name":"Michael J. Fritsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-4182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-4182"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Fritsch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-4182","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026818042","display_name":"Alexandra Schroeter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Schroeter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.7773000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.7773000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.211899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.006200000178068876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-start-up","display_name":"startups","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-business-formation","display_name":"new business formation","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-development","display_name":"regional development","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-effects","display_name":"employment effects","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-reallocation","display_name":"resource reallocation","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship-policy","display_name":"entrepreneurship policy","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-economic-growth","display_name":"regional economic growth","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984743219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129238","display_name":"Start up","level":2,"score":0.8071380853652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6797974109649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.641669750213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.49832725524902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.48853978514671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3994162678718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.09860002994537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178550888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043282","display_name":"Business administration","level":1,"score":0.09776893258094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2009-070","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oweb.b67.uni-jena.de/Papers/jerp2009/wp_2009_070.pdf","pdf_url":"https://oweb.b67.uni-jena.de/Papers/jerp2009/wp_2009_070.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.415.7841","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.415.7841","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.wiwi.uni-jena.de/papers/jerp2009/wp_2009_070.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1600560818","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/32600/1/610738550.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3151236537","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/jrp/jrpwrp/2009-070.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306514947","display_name":"Jena Economic Research Papers","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Jena Economic Research Papers","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/32600","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/32600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7400000095367432}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20044772","https://openalex.org/W46359208","https://openalex.org/W188715718","https://openalex.org/W1485676192","https://openalex.org/W1487091971","https://openalex.org/W1493409234","https://openalex.org/W1495507237","https://openalex.org/W1497876633","https://openalex.org/W1521539516","https://openalex.org/W1605015562","https://openalex.org/W1746989959","https://openalex.org/W1895366050","https://openalex.org/W1968877211","https://openalex.org/W1969227989","https://openalex.org/W1969885648","https://openalex.org/W1974876572","https://openalex.org/W1982113637","https://openalex.org/W1984557809","https://openalex.org/W1988606628","https://openalex.org/W1992194950","https://openalex.org/W2007966855","https://openalex.org/W2014839456","https://openalex.org/W2020910448","https://openalex.org/W2021762437","https://openalex.org/W2030747846","https://openalex.org/W2031190735","https://openalex.org/W2033897659","https://openalex.org/W2034311768","https://openalex.org/W2041951394","https://openalex.org/W2075399879","https://openalex.org/W2079745556","https://openalex.org/W2083357335","https://openalex.org/W2084053434","https://openalex.org/W2087526386","https://openalex.org/W2096416136","https://openalex.org/W2100610356","https://openalex.org/W2107921468","https://openalex.org/W2120870934","https://openalex.org/W2129284135","https://openalex.org/W2134470208","https://openalex.org/W2140409505","https://openalex.org/W2141002594","https://openalex.org/W2141604108","https://openalex.org/W2142007443","https://openalex.org/W2142996576","https://openalex.org/W2144748243","https://openalex.org/W2151707233","https://openalex.org/W2154565834","https://openalex.org/W2155626170","https://openalex.org/W2160673491","https://openalex.org/W2162835567","https://openalex.org/W2167278882","https://openalex.org/W2231519856","https://openalex.org/W2335010244","https://openalex.org/W2740123860","https://openalex.org/W2802691286","https://openalex.org/W3023830165","https://openalex.org/W3025827498","https://openalex.org/W3121694862","https://openalex.org/W3122036781","https://openalex.org/W3123334622","https://openalex.org/W3125349408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3021241820","https://openalex.org/W1971923255","https://openalex.org/W1570447798","https://openalex.org/W1523898058","https://openalex.org/W3122157699","https://openalex.org/W3124796853","https://openalex.org/W2113456898","https://openalex.org/W2097969343","https://openalex.org/W1531563671","https://openalex.org/W3144401670"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Empirical":[0],"analyses":[1],"suggest":[2],"that":[3,23,47,72,83],"the":[4,27,48,56,61,64,76],"employment":[5,39],"creating":[6],"effect":[7,88],"of":[8,18,51,58,63,78],"start-ups":[9,53,79],"is":[10,74,84],"highest":[11],"in":[12,26],"regions":[13],"with":[14,55],"a":[15,32,93],"low":[16],"level":[17,34],"new":[19],"business":[20],"formation":[21],"and":[22],"an":[24],"increase":[25],"regional":[28,52],"start-up":[29],"rate":[30],"beyond":[31],"certain":[33],"may":[35],"lead":[36],"to":[37],"negative":[38],"effect.":[40],"In":[41],"explaining":[42],"these":[43],"results,":[44],"we":[45],"assume":[46],"average":[49],"quality":[50,82],"decreases":[54],"number":[57,77],"start-ups,":[59],"while":[60],"costs":[62],"induced":[65],"resource":[66],"reallocation":[67],"increase.":[68],"Our":[69],"model":[70],"implies":[71],"it":[73],"not":[75],"but":[80],"their":[81,87],"decisive":[85],"for":[86],"on":[89,104],"economic":[90,98],"development.":[91],"Therefore,":[92],"policy":[94],"aiming":[95],"at":[96],"stimulating":[97],"growth":[99],"through":[100],"entrepreneurship":[101],"should":[102],"focus":[103],"high-quality":[105],"start-ups.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
