{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1600537111","doi":null,"title":"Brexit or Fixit? The Trade and Welfare Effects of Leaving the European Union","display_name":"Brexit or Fixit? The Trade and Welfare Effects of Leaving the European Union","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1600537111","mag":"1600537111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cep:ceppap:016","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/pa016.pdf","pdf_url":"https://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/pa016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/57958/1/__lse.ac.uk_storage_LIBRARY_Secondary_libfile_shared_repository_Content_Centre_for_Economic_Performance_Policy%20Analysis_pa016.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109486848","display_name":"Gianmarco I.P. Ottaviano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-2820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-2820"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianmarco I.P. Ottaviano","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043571987","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo Pessoa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0225-2530","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0225-2530"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo Pessoa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0225-2530","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066063370","display_name":"Thomas G. Sampson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Sampson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004443266","display_name":"John Michael Van Reenen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9153-2907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9153-2907"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Van Reenen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9153-2907","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.030899999663233757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14404","display_name":"European Socioeconomic and Political Studies","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brexit","display_name":"Brexit","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-losses","display_name":"trade losses","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-effects","display_name":"welfare effects","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-sovereignty","display_name":"state sovereignty","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-costs","display_name":"trade costs","score":0.34299999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776469822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7888194","display_name":"Brexit","level":3,"score":0.9740262627601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781462389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43109","display_name":"Referendum","level":3,"score":0.7546938061714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6155309677124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.5842484831809998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186229450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008","display_name":"Sovereignty","level":3,"score":0.5819146037101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5503123998641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9992130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484954","display_name":"Pessimism","level":2,"score":0.5058224201202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45051096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327750","display_name":"Single market","level":3,"score":0.4858939051628113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.47362297773361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.45531731843948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.43537116050720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34563201665878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.340314120054245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.12197113037109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12071534991264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cep:ceppap:016","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/pa016.pdf","pdf_url":"https://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/pa016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lse.ac.uk:57958","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2237-5497>","pdf_url":"http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/57958/1/__lse.ac.uk_storage_LIBRARY_Secondary_libfile_shared_repository_Content_Centre_for_Economic_Performance_Policy%20Analysis_pa016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401593","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","host_organization_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Monograph"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lse.ac.uk:57958","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2237-5497>","pdf_url":"https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/57958/1/__lse.ac.uk_storage_LIBRARY_Secondary_libfile_shared_repository_Content_Centre_for_Economic_Performance_Policy%20Analysis_pa016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400050","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","host_organization_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Report"},{"id":"mag:1600537111","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/pa016.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3123760958","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/cep/ceppap/016.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764460092","display_name":"LSE Research Online Documents on Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361727514","host_organization_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361727514","https://openalex.org/P4310311730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["London School of Economics and Political Science","University of London"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"LSE Research Online Documents on Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ehl:lserod:57958","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/57958/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lse.ac.uk:57958","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2237-5497>","pdf_url":"http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/57958/1/__lse.ac.uk_storage_LIBRARY_Secondary_libfile_shared_repository_Content_Centre_for_Economic_Performance_Policy%20Analysis_pa016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401593","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","host_organization_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Monograph"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.47999998927116394}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1600537111.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1600537111.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142006721","https://openalex.org/W2589775349","https://openalex.org/W2264724259","https://openalex.org/W7110641155","https://openalex.org/W3005194912","https://openalex.org/W3143682678","https://openalex.org/W2490495181","https://openalex.org/W3146612863","https://openalex.org/W2750770736","https://openalex.org/W4280498232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"a":[1,19,35,52,159,164,179],"speech":[2],"by":[3],"the":[4,11,22,26,43,48,69,77,80,87,91,103,117,120,138,141],"Prime":[5],"Minister":[6],"in":[7,30,86],"January":[8],"2013":[9],",":[10],"Conservative":[12],"party":[13],"has":[14],"been":[15],"committed":[16],"to":[17,38,66,75,126,158,177],"holding":[18],"referendum":[20],"on":[21,47,68,102],"UK's":[23],"membership":[24],"of":[25,71,79,90,116,140,151,162,166,171],"European":[27],"Union":[28],"(EU)":[29],"2017.":[31],"So":[32],"this":[33,99],"is":[34],"good":[36],"moment":[37],"consider":[39],"what":[40],"would":[41,147,156],"be":[42,130,148,178],"likely":[44],"economic":[45,108],"effects":[46],"UK":[49,118],"from":[50,61],"such":[51],"move":[53],"(commonly":[54],"called":[55],"'Brexit').Eurosceptics":[56],"emphasise":[57],"greater":[58,73],"national":[59,167],"sovereignty":[60],"Brexit":[62],"while":[63],"Europhiles":[64],"tend":[65],"focus":[67],"importance":[70],"ever":[72],"unity":[74],"reduce":[76],"risks":[78],"political":[81],"conflicts":[82],"that":[83],"ravaged":[84],"Europe":[85],"first":[88],"half":[89],"twentieth":[92],"century.":[93],"These":[94],"are":[95,122],"important":[96],"matters,":[97],"but":[98],"analysis":[100],"focuses":[101],"more":[104],"mundane":[105],"(but":[106],"quantifiable)":[107],"issues,":[109],"especially":[110],"trade.":[111],"The":[112,169],"costs":[113],"and":[114,143],"benefits":[115],"leaving":[119],"EU":[121],"complex.":[123],"Losses":[124],"due":[125],"trade":[127,145],"alone":[128],"could":[129],"very":[131,135,180],"substantial.":[132],"Even":[133],"under":[134],"optimistic":[136],"assumptions,":[137],"sum":[139],"static":[142],"dynamic":[144],"losses":[146],"almost":[149,163],"2.2%":[150],"GDP.":[152],"More":[153],"pessimistic":[154],"calculations":[155],"lead":[157],"long-term":[160],"loss":[161],"tenth":[165],"income.":[168],"dream":[170],"splendid":[172],"isolation":[173],"may":[174],"turn":[175],"out":[176],"costly":[181],"one":[182],"indeed.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}