{"id":"https://openalex.org/W160052796","doi":null,"title":"Oral contraception and congenital malformations in offspring: a review and meta-analysis of the prospective studies.","display_name":"Oral contraception and congenital malformations in offspring: a review and meta-analysis of the prospective studies.","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W160052796","mag":"160052796","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2143279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2143279","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2143279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics and gynecology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068524596","display_name":"MB Bracken","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M B Bracken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068524596"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1207,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":166,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73737374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"3 Pt 2","first_page":"552","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11964","display_name":"Pregnancy and Medication Impact","score":0.8090999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11964","display_name":"Pregnancy and Medication Impact","score":0.8090999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.17659999430179596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12229","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-contraceptives","display_name":"oral contraceptives","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congenital-malformations","display_name":"congenital malformations","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congenital-heart-disease","display_name":"congenital heart disease","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limb-reduction-defects","display_name":"limb reduction defects","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-drug-exposure","display_name":"prenatal drug exposure","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-pregnancy","display_name":"early pregnancy","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-risk","display_name":"relative risk","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.945851743221283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.7414356470108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.7063720226287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.6949477791786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019607859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727096","display_name":"Congenital malformations","level":3,"score":0.674665093421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.6144816875457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112672928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526","display_name":"Offspring","level":3,"score":0.5646046996116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.4967723488807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65290608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631521","display_name":"Teratology","level":4,"score":0.48705151677131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.4664057791233063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.33382976055145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.2936092019081116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2123754322528839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17116126418113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000014","descriptor_name":"Abnormalities, Drug-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003276","descriptor_name":"Contraceptives, Oral","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012306","descriptor_name":"Risk","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015201","descriptor_name":"Meta-Analysis as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2143279","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2143279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics and gynecology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:160052796","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/2143279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139838620","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology","issn_l":"0029-7844","issn":["0029-7844","1873-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135497732","https://openalex.org/W1993882364","https://openalex.org/W1993172681","https://openalex.org/W2413402015","https://openalex.org/W4298305915","https://openalex.org/W2041402939","https://openalex.org/W2230282170","https://openalex.org/W4248957257","https://openalex.org/W1536710055","https://openalex.org/W2620855994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,66,76],"technique":[1],"of":[2,10,13,68,103,118,120],"meta-analysis":[3],"was":[4,56,83],"used":[5,27],"to":[6,30],"derive":[7],"typical":[8,47,77],"estimates":[9],"the":[11,51,116,121],"risk":[12,49,78],"congenital":[14,80],"malformations":[15],"from":[16,33,50],"oral":[17],"contraceptive":[18],"(OC)":[19],"exposure":[20],"in":[21,111],"early":[22],"pregnancy.":[23],"Several":[24],"definitions":[25],"were":[26,43],"for":[28,63,79,91],"non-exposure":[29,69],"reduce":[31],"bias":[32],"this":[34,74],"source.":[35],"Congenital":[36],"heart":[37,81],"defects":[38,42,82,110],"and":[39,90,108],"limb":[40,92],"reduction":[41,93],"analyzed":[44,55],"separately.":[45],"relative":[48],"12":[52],"prospective":[53,112],"studies":[54,113],"0.99":[57],"(95%":[58,85,96],"confidence":[59,86,97],"interval":[60,87,98],"0.83,":[61],"1.19)":[62],"all":[64],"malformations.":[65],"definition":[67],"did":[70],"not":[71],"materially":[72],"change":[73],"estimate.":[75],"1.06":[84],"0.72,":[88],"1.56)":[89],"defects,":[94],"1.04":[95],"0.30,":[99],"3.55).":[100],"This":[101],"lack":[102],"an":[104],"association":[105],"between":[106],"OCs":[107],"birth":[109],"agrees":[114],"with":[115],"results":[117],"most":[119],"better-designed":[122],"case-control":[123],"studies.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}