{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1600413947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w1285","title":"Pensions and the Retirement Decision","display_name":"Pensions and the Retirement Decision","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1600413947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w1285","mag":"1600413947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w1285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w1285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w1285","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w1285","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w1285","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028297557","display_name":"Barry Nalebuff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-7009","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-7009"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry Nalebuff","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Government Harvard University Harvard University 78 Mount Auburn Street 79 Boylston Street Cambridge , MA 02138 Cambridge , MA 02138","Harvard University 78 Mount Auburn Street 79 Boylston Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Cambridge,MA 02138","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","School of Government Harvard University","Society of Fellows"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Government Harvard University Harvard University 78 Mount Auburn Street 79 Boylston Street Cambridge , MA 02138 Cambridge , MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University 78 Mount Auburn Street 79 Boylston Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Cambridge,MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Government Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Society of Fellows","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023887452","display_name":"Richard Zeckhauser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-9546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-9546"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Zeckhauser","raw_affiliation_strings":["NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","School of Government Harvard University Harvard University 78 Mount Auburn Street 79 Boylston Street Cambridge , MA 02138 Cambridge , MA 02138","Harvard University 78 Mount Auburn Street 79 Boylston Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Cambridge,MA 02138","School of Government Harvard University","Society of Fellows"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Government Harvard University Harvard University 78 Mount Auburn Street 79 Boylston Street Cambridge , MA 02138 Cambridge , MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University 78 Mount Auburn Street 79 Boylston Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Cambridge,MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Government Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Society of Fellows","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"283","last_page":"316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.6991999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.6991999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.30000001192092896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pensions","display_name":"pensions","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement-decisions","display_name":"retirement decisions","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defined-benefit-pension-plans","display_name":"defined benefit pensions","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-saving","display_name":"forced saving","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commitment","display_name":"commitment","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-fairness","display_name":"actuarial fairness","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-expectancy","display_name":"life expectancy","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneity","display_name":"heterogeneity","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pension-law","display_name":"pension law","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-retention","display_name":"employee retention","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensatory-mechanisms","display_name":"compensatory mechanisms","score":0.5099999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.5064038038253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.403879314661026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3869923949241638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.38422712683677673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w1285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w1285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w1285","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w1285","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberch:7137","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/chapters/c7137.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/chapters/c7137.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:1285","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w1285.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w1285.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3123272123","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/nbrnberwo/1285.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3124279887","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/1285.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w1285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w1285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w1285","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w1285","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1600413947.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1600413947.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491849895","https://openalex.org/W1492921181","https://openalex.org/W1982003593","https://openalex.org/W1988560555","https://openalex.org/W2170398889","https://openalex.org/W2262836992","https://openalex.org/W2792596752","https://openalex.org/W2889955534","https://openalex.org/W6629341511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123149176","https://openalex.org/W131435564","https://openalex.org/W2038249504","https://openalex.org/W2164904911","https://openalex.org/W1530772084","https://openalex.org/W1965711838","https://openalex.org/W2138837087","https://openalex.org/W2116065282","https://openalex.org/W2012544307","https://openalex.org/W4396837178"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pensions":[0],"influence":[1],"retirement":[2,35,107,157,212,260],"decisions.The":[3],"analysis":[4],"provides":[5],"a":[6,40,94,132,168,184,196,199,237,240],"framework":[7],"for":[8,206,250],"assessing":[9],"the":[10,21,25,50,71,123,136,173,231],"phenomenon.The":[11],"qualitative":[12],"features":[13,85],"of":[14,42,73,88,209,222,234],"most":[15,192],"defined":[16,155],"benefit":[17],"pension":[18,114,137,174,194,201],"plans":[19,115],"in":[20,58,75,122,150],"United":[22],"States,":[23],"as":[24,39,86,236],"first":[26],"section":[27],"demonstrates,":[28],"can":[29],"be":[30,117,204],"used":[31],"to":[32,48,52,62,83,104,144,228,230],"induce":[33],"optimal":[34,113,178],"choices.Pensions":[36],"are":[37,78,101,148,239],"viewed":[38],"form":[41],"forced":[43],"savings;":[44],"their":[45],"purpose":[46],"is":[47,98,110,226],"enable":[49],"worker":[51],"\"commit":[53],"himself\"":[54],"by":[55,156],"making":[56],"it":[57],"his":[59],"own":[60],"self-interest":[61],"retire":[63,145],"at":[64],"an":[65,177,245],"appropriate":[66,259],"age.The":[67],"remaining":[68],"sections":[69],"examine":[70],"use":[72],"pensions":[74,100,218],"populations":[76],"that":[77,112,125],"hetero-":[79],"geneous":[80],"with":[81],"respect":[82],"such":[84],"disutility":[87],"work":[89,229],"or":[90],"expected":[91,170],"lifespan.Given":[92],"heterogeneity,":[93],"major":[95],"policy":[96],"concern":[97],"whether":[99],"actuarially":[102,118],"fair":[103],"different":[105,223],"groups,":[106],"cohorts,":[108],"etc.It":[109],"proven":[111],"cannot":[116],"more":[119],"than":[120,139,187],"fair,":[121],"sense":[124],"someone":[126],"who":[127],"retires":[128],"later":[129],"must":[130],"impose":[131,167,183],"smaller":[133],"cost":[134,171,186],"on":[135,172],"pooi":[138],"he":[140,143],"would":[141,203],"were":[142],"earlier.However,":[146],"there":[147],"differences":[149],"life":[151],"expectancy":[152],"among":[153],"cohorts":[154],"age:":[158],"late":[159],"retirees":[160,164],"generally":[161],"live":[162],"longer.Late":[163],"may":[165],"thus":[166],"greater":[169],"fund":[175],"under":[176,191],"plan;":[179],"interestingly,":[180],"they":[181],"do":[182],"higher":[185],"those":[188],"retiring":[189],"earlier":[190],"common":[193,220],"funds.In":[195],"first-best":[197],"world,":[198],"separate":[200],"plan":[202],"designed":[205],"each":[207],"group":[208],"workers.But,":[210],"government-mandated":[211],"programs":[213],"and":[214,254],"legislation":[215],"regulating":[216],"private":[217],"require":[219],"treatment":[221],"workers.Such":[224],"homogenization":[225],"shown":[227],"possible":[232],"detriment":[233],"workers":[235],"whole.Pensions":[238],"workhorse":[241],"compensation":[242],"mechanism.They":[243],"provide":[244],"additional":[246],"instrument":[247],"beyond":[248],"wages":[249],"attracting,":[251],"motivating,":[252],"sorting,":[253],"retaining":[255],"workers,":[256],"while":[257],"facilitating":[258],"decisions.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
