{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1600290339","doi":null,"title":"Programs of School Improvement: An Overview.","display_name":"Programs of School Improvement: An Overview.","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1600290339","mag":"1600290339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1600290339","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED221536.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140814276","display_name":"Educational leadership","issn_l":"0013-1784","issn":["0013-1784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315834","host_organization_name":"Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315834"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Educational leadership","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061618325","display_name":"Ronald R. Edmonds","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ronald R. Edmonds","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061618325"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":72.7172,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":300,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"3","first_page":"4","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.6298999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.6298999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.17739999294281006,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13884","display_name":"Educational Leadership and Practices","score":0.06639999896287918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-improvement-strategies","display_name":"school improvement strategies","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-effectiveness","display_name":"school effectiveness","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-background","display_name":"family background","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-reform","display_name":"educational reform","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-characteristics","display_name":"school characteristics","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/achievement-gap","display_name":"achievement gap","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6386033296585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6227347254753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.6063980460166931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986206625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18185","display_name":"Student achievement","level":3,"score":0.5600427985191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4862991273403168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4723033905029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.42200374603271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3283870220184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16339707374572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1600290339","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED221536.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140814276","display_name":"Educational leadership","issn_l":"0013-1784","issn":["0013-1784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315834","host_organization_name":"Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315834"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Educational leadership","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5699999928474426}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1646506517","https://openalex.org/W1767995805","https://openalex.org/W2079872858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051305055","https://openalex.org/W2092987572","https://openalex.org/W2752621134","https://openalex.org/W2768702580","https://openalex.org/W2029135198","https://openalex.org/W6981309170","https://openalex.org/W232325776","https://openalex.org/W2977134841","https://openalex.org/W3120947627","https://openalex.org/W2727099251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"E":[0],"ducators":[1],"have":[2,31,80],"become":[3],"increas":[4],"ingly":[5],"convinced":[6],"that":[7],"the":[8,39,64],"charac":[9],"teristics":[10],"of":[11,16,26,38,63,66,77,84],"schools":[12],"are":[13],"important":[14],"determinants":[15],"academic":[17],"achievement.":[18],"Since":[19],"1978":[20],"an":[21],"extraordinary":[22],"number":[23,76],"and":[24,43,55,68,74,87],"variety":[25],"school":[27,35],"improvement":[28],"pro":[29],"grams":[30],"concentrated":[32],"on":[33],"a":[34,50,58,75],"effects":[36],"interpretation":[37],"relationship":[40],"between":[41],"achievement":[42],"family":[44],"back":[45],"ground.":[46],"Such":[47],"programs":[48],"represent":[49],"ma":[51],"jor":[52],"educational":[53],"reform":[54],"derive":[56],"from":[57],"fairly":[59],"rapid":[60],"educator":[61],"acceptance":[62],"research":[65],"Brookover":[67],"Lezotte":[69],"(1977),":[70],"Edmonds(1979),":[71],"ftutter":[72],"(1979),":[73],"others":[78],"who":[79],"stud":[81],"ied":[82],"characteristics":[83],"both":[85],"effective":[86],"ineffective":[88],"schools.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}