{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1599178335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(86)90457-6","title":"Europium-labelled target cells in an assay of natural killer cell activity","display_name":"Europium-labelled target cells in an assay of natural killer cell activity","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1599178335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(86)90457-6","mag":"1599178335","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3456003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0022-1759(86)90457-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(86)90457-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(86)90457-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201669150","display_name":"Journal of Immunological Methods","issn_l":"0022-1759","issn":["0022-1759","1872-7905"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Immunological Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078705840","display_name":"Kaj R. Blomberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaj Blomberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003320813","display_name":"Christer Granberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christer Granberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wallac Biochemical Laboratory, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wallac Biochemical Laboratory, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113540224","display_name":"Ilkka A. Hemmil\u00e4","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilkka Hemmil\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110101405","display_name":"Timo N-E. L\u00f6vgren","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo L\u00f6vgren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003320813"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5635,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":129,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8308026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"86","issue":"2","first_page":"225","last_page":"229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11395","display_name":"Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11279","display_name":"Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-killer-cells","display_name":"natural killer cells","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nk-cell-mediated-cytolysis","display_name":"NK cell-mediated cytolysis","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/europium-chelate","display_name":"europium chelate","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-resolved-fluorescence-spectroscopy","display_name":"time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity-assay","display_name":"cytotoxicity assay","score":0.6859999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502696234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1396","display_name":"Europium","level":3,"score":0.7661886215209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780523633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380709","display_name":"Labelling","level":2,"score":0.6993414163589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73588182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2663023","display_name":"Cytolysis","level":4,"score":0.6388528943061829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.5741520524024963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.551665723323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.5118133425712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.4971764385700226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332181","display_name":"Natural killer cell","level":4,"score":0.4759238064289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130403756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2776413","display_name":"Marker gene","level":3,"score":0.47112345695495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.46176615357398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3619605302810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.223179429769516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109316439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181","display_name":"Cytotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.20216554403305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.11086165904998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09351706504821777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07582348585128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.07491162419319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002463","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane Permeability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002614","descriptor_name":"Chelating Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003601","descriptor_name":"Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004915","descriptor_name":"Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005063","descriptor_name":"Europium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007694","descriptor_name":"Killer Cells, Natural","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013050","descriptor_name":"Spectrometry, Fluorescence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0022-1759(86)90457-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(86)90457-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(86)90457-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201669150","display_name":"Journal of Immunological Methods","issn_l":"0022-1759","issn":["0022-1759","1872-7905"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Immunological Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3456003","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3456003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of immunological methods","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.4099999964237213}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524930058","https://openalex.org/W1543285514","https://openalex.org/W1596844771","https://openalex.org/W1677634622","https://openalex.org/W1888269707","https://openalex.org/W1955438986","https://openalex.org/W1965960192","https://openalex.org/W1969373994","https://openalex.org/W2006939170","https://openalex.org/W2007613235","https://openalex.org/W2007835830","https://openalex.org/W2014002850","https://openalex.org/W2030400914","https://openalex.org/W2035860004","https://openalex.org/W2038232124","https://openalex.org/W2046722312","https://openalex.org/W2086317680","https://openalex.org/W2092468599","https://openalex.org/W2112110530","https://openalex.org/W2117596832","https://openalex.org/W2160636257","https://openalex.org/W2407203997","https://openalex.org/W2468119228","https://openalex.org/W2744065698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997500989","https://openalex.org/W2140706604","https://openalex.org/W2083734840","https://openalex.org/W2172151325","https://openalex.org/W2169692591","https://openalex.org/W2349303162","https://openalex.org/W7027871832","https://openalex.org/W1966135564","https://openalex.org/W2011036671","https://openalex.org/W2318390206"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
