{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1597971200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416382111","title":"How conversations around campfires came to be","display_name":"How conversations around campfires came to be","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1597971200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416382111","mag":"1597971200","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25246572","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4191795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1416382111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416382111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416382111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4191795","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064827570","display_name":"Robin Dunbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9982-9702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9982-9702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robin I. M. Dunbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064827570"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":60.0314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99668146,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"39","first_page":"14013","last_page":"14014"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10383","display_name":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storytelling","display_name":"storytelling","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-behavior","display_name":"social behavior","score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-evolution","display_name":"human evolution","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-cohesion","display_name":"group cohesion","score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-use","display_name":"fire use","score":0.3199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.8216805458068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2275793","display_name":"Casual","level":2,"score":0.7250471115112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47657036781311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.41869133710861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4125421941280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4102845788002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.36822041869163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.3638898730278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.33117783069610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.21020987629890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1713172197341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.1458708643913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1344667375087738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1182543933391571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1177636981010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10973727703094482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005390","descriptor_name":"Fires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005390","descriptor_name":"Fires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005390","descriptor_name":"Fires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005390","descriptor_name":"Fires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1416382111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416382111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416382111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3339068","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4191795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4191795","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4191795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:25246572","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25246572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3339068","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4191795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970156850","https://openalex.org/W1971337597","https://openalex.org/W1997776352","https://openalex.org/W2004484154","https://openalex.org/W2009089506","https://openalex.org/W2009503271","https://openalex.org/W2010639067","https://openalex.org/W2045759767","https://openalex.org/W2068740755","https://openalex.org/W2137391072","https://openalex.org/W2150671164","https://openalex.org/W2160193763","https://openalex.org/W2168934786","https://openalex.org/W2192147421","https://openalex.org/W2486170017","https://openalex.org/W2736241625","https://openalex.org/W4230100653","https://openalex.org/W4249014382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009503271","https://openalex.org/W7204875094","https://openalex.org/W2594845070","https://openalex.org/W4249014382","https://openalex.org/W4415138531","https://openalex.org/W3012439817","https://openalex.org/W2615969678","https://openalex.org/W4388325683","https://openalex.org/W2463600274","https://openalex.org/W4399783744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fire":[0],"and":[1,54,79,109,131,221],"conversation":[2,127],"are":[3,192,217,226],"two":[4,71,91],"things":[5],"that":[6,27,48,97,156,202,222,231],"have":[7,18],"been":[8,56,64],"of":[9,42,82,104,119,126,140,160,173,212],"crucial":[10],"importance":[11],"for":[12,31,58,73,101],"our":[13,102,161],"evolutionary":[14,162],"story,":[15],"yet":[16],"they":[17,107,111,198],"received":[19],"only":[20],"rather":[21],"casual":[22],"attention.":[23],"Yes,":[24],"we":[25,46,207,216,219,225],"know":[26,47],"fire":[28],"was":[29],"used":[30],"cooking":[32],"(probably":[33],"casually":[34],"at":[35,51,135],"first,":[36],"but":[37,180],"later":[38],"as":[39,75],"a":[40,65,95,138,147,210],"matter":[41],"regularity),":[43],"and,":[44],"yes,":[45],"language":[49],"evolved":[50,108],"some":[52],"point":[53],"has":[55,63,98],"important":[57,193],"human":[59],"culture.":[60],"However,":[61],"there":[62],"longstanding":[66],"tendency":[67],"to":[68,155],"take":[69],"these":[70,90],"phenomena":[72,92],"granted":[74],"something":[76],"self-evidently":[77],"useful":[78],"hence":[80],"presumably":[81],"ancient":[83],"origin.":[84],"In":[85,114,164],"PNAS,":[86],"Wiessner":[87],"(1)":[88],"brings":[89],"together":[93],"in":[94,145,194],"way":[96],"significant":[99],"implications":[100],"understanding":[103],"both":[105],"why":[106,224],"when":[110],"did":[112],"so.":[113],"the":[115,124,129,133,200,204,229,234],"first":[116],"such":[117],"study":[118],"its":[120],"kind,":[121],"she":[122],"recorded":[123],"topics":[125],"during":[128],"day":[130],"around":[132],"campfire":[134],"night":[136],"among":[137],"group":[139],"Ju\u2019/hoansi":[141],"(or":[142],"!Kung)":[143],"Bushman":[144],"Botswana,":[146],"people":[148],"whose":[149],"living":[150],"hunter-gatherer":[151],"ecology":[152],"is":[153,223],"similar":[154],"which":[157],"characterized":[158],"most":[159,167,181],"history.":[163],"this":[165,209],"sample,":[166],"daytime":[168],"conversations":[169,183],"were":[170,184,189],"functional":[171],"(discussions":[172],"land":[174],"rights,":[175],"economic":[176],"matters,":[177],"norm":[178],"regulation),":[179],"evening":[182],"social":[185],"(more":[186],"than":[187],"80%":[188],"stories).":[190],"Stories":[191],"all":[195],"societies":[196],"because":[197,215],"provide":[199],"framework":[201],"holds":[203],"community":[205],"together:":[206],"share":[208],"set":[211],"cultural":[213],"knowledge":[214],"who":[218],"are,":[220],"different":[227],"from":[228],"folks":[230],"live":[232],"over":[233],"hill.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}