{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1597600535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217160","title":"Genetic algorithm optimized grid-based RF fingerprint positioning in heterogeneous small cell networks","display_name":"Genetic algorithm optimized grid-based RF fingerprint positioning in heterogeneous small cell networks","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1597600535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217160","mag":"1597600535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419641","display_name":"International Conference on Localization and GNSS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Conference on Location and GNSS (ICL-GNSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstreams/50657d5e-2404-43e8-873b-fc7b202ff314/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041742780","display_name":"Riaz Uddin Mondal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riaz Uddin Mondal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086891852","display_name":"Tapani Ristaniemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-3968","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-3968","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9626-6388"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tapani Ristaniemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028124059","display_name":"Jussi Turkka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110178","display_name":"Magister Solutions (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01mdh2992","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110178"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jussi Turkka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Magister Solutions Ltd., Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Magister Solutions Ltd., Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110178"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0816,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85621051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rf-fingerprinting","display_name":"radio frequency fingerprinting","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment-positioning","display_name":"user equipment positioning","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-genetic-algorithm","display_name":"multi-objective genetic algorithm","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-small-cell-networks","display_name":"heterogeneous small cell networks","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lte-small-cells","display_name":"LTE small cells","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drive-test-measurements","display_name":"drive test measurements","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-accuracy","display_name":"positioning accuracy","score":0.6259999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7652842998504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6616159081459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6603586673736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6344705820083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.6094083786010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.535362958908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5019335746765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4900707006454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.44856923818588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4327498972415924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3714570105075836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3259170651435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26208990812301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.10445171594619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.09395137429237366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08429551124572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419641","display_name":"International Conference on Localization and GNSS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Conference on Location and GNSS (ICL-GNSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jyx.jyu.fi:123456789/56393","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201712114596","pdf_url":"https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstreams/50657d5e-2404-43e8-873b-fc7b202ff314/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400563","display_name":"Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Digital Archive (University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","host_organization_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5794"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:jyx.jyu.fi:123456789/56393","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201712114596","pdf_url":"https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstreams/50657d5e-2404-43e8-873b-fc7b202ff314/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400563","display_name":"Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Digital Archive (University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","host_organization_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5794"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1597600535.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1597600535.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1595498733","https://openalex.org/W1996440714","https://openalex.org/W2016530278","https://openalex.org/W2066162935","https://openalex.org/W2087865093","https://openalex.org/W2097519894","https://openalex.org/W2128051927","https://openalex.org/W2143083526","https://openalex.org/W2145408159","https://openalex.org/W2152653072","https://openalex.org/W2160691714","https://openalex.org/W2167696602","https://openalex.org/W2169030369","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2182983017","https://openalex.org/W2743982112","https://openalex.org/W2969051597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087865093","https://openalex.org/W2969051597","https://openalex.org/W2317844428","https://openalex.org/W2393961955","https://openalex.org/W2066162935","https://openalex.org/W2960141408","https://openalex.org/W2750292566","https://openalex.org/W2341709009","https://openalex.org/W2909890644","https://openalex.org/W2773117816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,21],"paper":[2],"we":[3,23],"propose":[4],"a":[5,70,75],"novel":[6],"optimization":[7],"algorithm":[8],"for":[9,38],"grid-based":[10,159],"RF":[11,160],"fingerprinting":[12,49],"to":[13,44,123],"improve":[14,151],"user":[15],"equipment":[16],"(UE)":[17],"positioning":[18,41,91,152],"accuracy.":[19],"For":[20],"purpose":[22],"have":[24],"used":[25],"Multi-objective":[26],"Genetic":[27],"Algorithm":[28],"(MOGA)":[29],"which":[30],"enables":[31],"autonomous":[32],"calibration":[33,109],"of":[34,46,62,64,83,97,100,110,125,141,154],"grid-cell":[35,112,132],"layout":[36],"(GCL)":[37],"better":[39],"UE":[40],"as":[42],"compared":[43],"that":[45,137],"the":[47,84,111,147,157],"conventional":[48,158],"approach.":[50],"Performance":[51],"evaluations":[52],"were":[53],"carried":[54],"out":[55],"using":[56,114],"two":[57,94,105],"different":[58,95,130],"training":[59,142],"data-sets":[60],"consisting":[61],"Minimization":[63],"Drive":[65],"Testing":[66],"measurements":[67],"obtained":[68],"from":[69,93],"dynamic":[71],"system":[72],"simulation":[73,127],"in":[74,104],"heterogeneous":[76],"LTE":[77],"small":[78],"cell":[79],"environment.":[80],"The":[81],"robustness":[82],"proposed":[85,148],"method":[86,149],"has":[87],"been":[88],"tested":[89],"analyzing":[90],"results":[92,135],"areas":[96],"interest.":[98],"Optimization":[99],"GCL":[101,116,122],"is":[102,144],"performed":[103],"ways:":[106],"(1)":[107],"array-wise":[108],"units":[113],"non-overlapping":[115],"and":[117],"(2)":[118],"creating":[119],"an":[120],"overlapping":[121],"cover":[124],"whole":[126],"area":[128],"with":[129],"rectangular":[131],"units.":[133],"Simulation":[134],"show":[136],"if":[138],"sufficient":[139],"amount":[140],"data":[143],"available":[145],"then":[146],"can":[150],"accuracy":[153],"56.74%":[155],"over":[156],"fingerprinting.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}