{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1596946495","doi":null,"title":"Cytisine for the treatment of nicotine addiction: from a molecule to therapeutic efficacy.","display_name":"Cytisine for the treatment of nicotine addiction: from a molecule to therapeutic efficacy.","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1596946495","mag":"1596946495","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17220536"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:17220536","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17220536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacological reports : PR","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022761689","display_name":"Piotr Tutka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5731-4295","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5731-4295"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121032520","display_name":"Medical University of Lublin","ror":"https://ror.org/016f61126","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121032520"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Tutka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL 20-090 Lublin, Poland. tutka@am.lublin.pl"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL 20-090 Lublin, Poland. tutka@am.lublin.pl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121032520"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045783683","display_name":"Witold Antoni Zato\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-6656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-6656"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Witold Zato\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2693,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":123,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96130776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"6","first_page":"777","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12649","display_name":"Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11818","display_name":"Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytisine","display_name":"cytisine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-dependence","display_name":"nicotine dependence","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-cessation","display_name":"smoking cessation","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha4beta2-nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptor","display_name":"\u03b14\u03b22 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-agonists","display_name":"partial agonists","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-withdrawal-symptoms","display_name":"nicotine withdrawal symptoms","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopamine-release","display_name":"dopamine release","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesolimbic-pathway","display_name":"mesolimbic system","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-replacement-therapy","display_name":"nicotine replacement therapy","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytisine-derivatives","display_name":"cytisine derivatives","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"pharmacokinetics","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacodynamics","display_name":"pharmacodynamics","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-safety","display_name":"drug safety","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-alkaloids","display_name":"plant alkaloids","score":0.6119999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777301948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417343","display_name":"Cytisine","level":4,"score":0.9883259534835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.6562298536300659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777843972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462253","display_name":"Smoking cessation","level":2,"score":0.6484700441360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6032454371452332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.5969198942184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188987157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7030581","display_name":"Nicotinic agonist","level":3,"score":0.5067611336708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.4895933270454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777053506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411330","display_name":"Varenicline","level":3,"score":0.47768694162368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210978","display_name":"Abstinence","level":2,"score":0.4659242331981659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.33090221881866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.25840747356414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.14260369539260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.08371105790138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003553","descriptor_name":"Cystine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003553","descriptor_name":"Cystine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003553","descriptor_name":"Cystine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003553","descriptor_name":"Cystine","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004347","descriptor_name":"Drug Interactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011978","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Nicotinic","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014029","descriptor_name":"Tobacco Use Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:17220536","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17220536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacological reports : PR","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:1596946495","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17220536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":106,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13604522","https://openalex.org/W118261084","https://openalex.org/W136657926","https://openalex.org/W327923595","https://openalex.org/W1492947673","https://openalex.org/W1538286609","https://openalex.org/W1549559727","https://openalex.org/W1564990428","https://openalex.org/W1571140265","https://openalex.org/W1637250296","https://openalex.org/W1715524310","https://openalex.org/W1799536240","https://openalex.org/W1900806927","https://openalex.org/W1955803833","https://openalex.org/W1966142717","https://openalex.org/W1972174135","https://openalex.org/W1976790095","https://openalex.org/W1978021178","https://openalex.org/W1981283169","https://openalex.org/W1984459644","https://openalex.org/W1984962866","https://openalex.org/W1985412028","https://openalex.org/W1989455316","https://openalex.org/W1993059867","https://openalex.org/W1993112595","https://openalex.org/W1998669119","https://openalex.org/W1999523888","https://openalex.org/W2002649450","https://openalex.org/W2005274709","https://openalex.org/W2007224228","https://openalex.org/W2017489808","https://openalex.org/W2022143327","https://openalex.org/W2024552379","https://openalex.org/W2024599954","https://openalex.org/W2025455188","https://openalex.org/W2029538124","https://openalex.org/W2032761686","https://openalex.org/W2036996783","https://openalex.org/W2040110015","https://openalex.org/W2041003372","https://openalex.org/W2041372691","https://openalex.org/W2046265755","https://openalex.org/W2050917293","https://openalex.org/W2053457282","https://openalex.org/W2054668681","https://openalex.org/W2055375872","https://openalex.org/W2055737090","https://openalex.org/W2061387768","https://openalex.org/W2063787816","https://openalex.org/W2065709712","https://openalex.org/W2065871313","https://openalex.org/W2069813194","https://openalex.org/W2076749095","https://openalex.org/W2076972826","https://openalex.org/W2078376971","https://openalex.org/W2078953408","https://openalex.org/W2079916308","https://openalex.org/W2080919332","https://openalex.org/W2084028004","https://openalex.org/W2087199848","https://openalex.org/W2090840915","https://openalex.org/W2097682864","https://openalex.org/W2101945619","https://openalex.org/W2103515184","https://openalex.org/W2104528358","https://openalex.org/W2105233285","https://openalex.org/W2110202583","https://openalex.org/W2115872169","https://openalex.org/W2118190133","https://openalex.org/W2119616168","https://openalex.org/W2125651649","https://openalex.org/W2127193609","https://openalex.org/W2134235644","https://openalex.org/W2138106394","https://openalex.org/W2139787666","https://openalex.org/W2140401786","https://openalex.org/W2141246891","https://openalex.org/W2141567624","https://openalex.org/W2144573332","https://openalex.org/W2149018295","https://openalex.org/W2150099740","https://openalex.org/W2156173906","https://openalex.org/W2158598656","https://openalex.org/W2162992703","https://openalex.org/W2163574850","https://openalex.org/W2164386461","https://openalex.org/W2165892526","https://openalex.org/W2168988224","https://openalex.org/W2170602697","https://openalex.org/W2175734892","https://openalex.org/W2227836400","https://openalex.org/W2276184537","https://openalex.org/W2398678274","https://openalex.org/W2406014430","https://openalex.org/W2410713567","https://openalex.org/W2411429125","https://openalex.org/W2418165002","https://openalex.org/W2433456523","https://openalex.org/W2436509489","https://openalex.org/W2471173822","https://openalex.org/W2472212542","https://openalex.org/W4321428923","https://openalex.org/W4322703267","https://openalex.org/W4406056993","https://openalex.org/W4406065652","https://openalex.org/W4406065835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987159742","https://openalex.org/W7154945488","https://openalex.org/W2774774148","https://openalex.org/W2955293132","https://openalex.org/W4252129401","https://openalex.org/W3190486431","https://openalex.org/W7010996732","https://openalex.org/W2800914323","https://openalex.org/W2601508173","https://openalex.org/W4384347227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cytisine,":[0],"a":[1,73,78,97,130,188,208,216,245],"natural":[2],"plant":[3],"alkaloid,":[4],"has":[5,29,124,205],"been":[6,30,40],"marketed":[7],"in":[8,42,45,166],"Central":[9],"and":[10,47,55,109,113,199,273],"Eastern":[11],"Europe":[12],"for":[13,17,81],"over":[14],"40":[15],"years":[16],"the":[18,25,67,103,127,147,153,159,167,195],"clinical":[19,50,83,263],"management":[20],"of":[21,34,66,69,99,111,135,149,161,219],"smoking":[22,74,189,254],"cessation.":[23],"Despite":[24],"fact":[26],"that":[27,117,126,179,194,207,234],"cytisine":[28,70,186,222,243],"used":[31],"by":[32,62],"millions":[33],"smokers,":[35],"its":[36,53,87,115,271],"characteristics":[37],"have":[38,192],"not":[39],"reviewed":[41],"scientific":[43],"literature":[44],"English,":[46],"presently":[48],"existing":[49],"studies":[51,184,269],"on":[52,152,163,185,270],"effectiveness":[54],"safety":[56,110,274],"are":[57,118,141,276],"insufficient":[58],"to":[59,85,143,146,233,261],"warrant":[60],"licensing":[61],"modern":[63],"standards.":[64],"Understanding":[65],"mechanism":[68],"action":[71],"as":[72,89,187],"cessation":[75,181,190,255],"aid":[76,191],"provides":[77],"necessary":[79],"basis":[80],"conducting":[82],"trials":[84],"confirm":[86],"efficacy":[88,108,132],"an":[90,252],"optimal":[91],"antismoking":[92],"therapy.":[93,241],"Hereafter,":[94],"we":[95],"present":[96],"review":[98],"current":[100],"knowledge":[101],"about":[102,114],"pharmacokinetics,":[104],"pharmacodynamics,":[105],"toxicity,":[106],"therapeutic":[107],"cytisine,":[112],"derivatives":[116],"under":[119],"development.":[120],"Recent":[121],"pharmacological":[122,247],"research":[123],"elucidated":[125],"drug":[128,157,196],"is":[129,197,227],"low":[131],"partial":[133],"agonist":[134],"alpha4beta2":[136],"nicotinic":[137],"acetylcholine":[138],"receptors,":[139],"which":[140,249],"believed":[142],"be":[144,259],"central":[145],"effect":[148],"nicotine":[150],"(NIC)":[151],"reward":[154],"pathway.":[155],"The":[156],"reduces":[158],"effects":[160],"NIC":[162,176,239],"dopamine":[164],"release":[165],"mesolimbic":[168],"system":[169],"when":[170],"given":[171],"alone,":[172],"while":[173],"simultaneously":[174],"attenuating":[175],"withdrawal":[177],"symptoms":[178],"accompany":[180],"attempts.":[182],"Clinical":[183],"demonstrated":[193],"effective":[198],"safe.":[200],"Our":[201],"recent":[202],"uncontrolled":[203],"trial":[204],"shown":[206],"12-month":[209],"carbon":[210],"monoxide-verified":[211],"continuous":[212],"abstinence":[213],"rate":[214],"following":[215,236],"standard":[217],"course":[218],"treatment":[220,237],"with":[221,223,238],"minimal":[224],"behavioral":[225],"support":[226],"similar":[228],"(13.8%;":[229],"N":[230],"=":[231],"436)":[232],"observed":[235],"replacement":[240],"Since":[242],"exhibits":[244],"desirable":[246],"profile":[248,275],"makes":[250],"it":[251,257],"attractive":[253],"drug,":[256],"should":[258],"advanced":[260],"randomized":[262],"trials.":[264],"However,":[265],"more":[266],"detailed":[267],"preclinical":[268],"pharmacokinetics":[272],"required.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
