{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1595893409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/0199252068.001.0001","title":"Environmental Protest in Western Europe","display_name":"Environmental Protest in Western Europe","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1595893409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/0199252068.001.0001","mag":"1595893409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/0199252068.001.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/0199252068.001.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/0199252068.001.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109120567","display_name":"Christopher A. Rootes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Rootes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109120567"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.9983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":271,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99430994,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14284","display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities","score":0.7914999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14284","display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities","score":0.7914999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13135","display_name":"Communism, Protests, Social Movements","score":0.03959999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12609","display_name":"Latin American socio-political dynamics","score":0.02280000038444996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-protest","display_name":"environmental protest","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-movement","display_name":"environmental movement","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union","display_name":"European Union","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-europe","display_name":"Western Europe","score":0.5049999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2275793","display_name":"Casual","level":2,"score":0.6643062233924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6158347129821777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201280247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11032","display_name":"Newspaper","level":2,"score":0.6089485883712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203404855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2855609","display_name":"Environmentalism","level":3,"score":0.50520259141922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781440851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35749","display_name":"Parliament","level":3,"score":0.43008914589881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.41924503445625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.37803319096565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.23760375380516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.16634756326675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1231849193572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/0199252068.001.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/0199252068.001.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/0199252068.001.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:340","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kar.kent.ac.uk/340/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Edited book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.833299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2219596960","https://openalex.org/W2492557121","https://openalex.org/W6920769704","https://openalex.org/W4241949702","https://openalex.org/W4251318218","https://openalex.org/W4234813928","https://openalex.org/W4214627754","https://openalex.org/W4256324702","https://openalex.org/W2771144303","https://openalex.org/W2493533831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0,207],"is":[1,395],"frequently":[2],"claimed":[3],"that,":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,95,118,224,372,380],"result":[7],"of":[8,11,42,75,78,97,108,122,129,140,164,218,226,234,240,259,268,275,277,283,285,288,291,295,298,316,328,334,353,363,371,376,400,403,410],"the":[9,14,21,25,40,52,76,82,89,109,130,150,155,170,200,214,219,238,244,252,269,281,289,296,311,314,340,351,361,369,401,408],"institutionalization":[10,409],"environmentalism":[12],"in":[13,20,84,134,138,180,189,237,266,280,310,339,382],"years":[15,157],"following":[16],"its":[17,256],"rapid":[18],"rise":[19],"1970s":[22],"and":[23,31,44,46,56,69,80,149,176,185,197,202,255,302,313,337,347,357,405],"1980s,":[24],"environmental":[26,98,131,165,193,216,227,278,384,411],"movement":[27],"has":[28],"been":[29,37,117],"demobilized,":[30],"that":[32,54,100,107,210,393,407],"once":[33],"radical":[34],"groups":[35],"have":[36,47,58],"incorporated":[38],"into":[39],"web":[41],"policy\u2010making":[43],"consultation":[45],"moderated":[48],"their":[49,348],"tactics":[50],"to":[51,319,343],"point":[53],"lobbying":[55],"partnerships":[57],"displaced":[59],"protest.":[60,292],"Such":[61],"claims":[62],"were,":[63],"however,":[64],"based":[65],"on":[66,243],"casual":[67],"observation":[68],"anecdote":[70],"rather":[71],"than":[72,106],"systematic":[73],"investigation":[74,391],"incidence":[77,290,297],"protest,":[79,123,228,355],"during":[81,154,169,379],"1990s,":[83],"several":[85],"western":[86],"European":[87,220,253],"countries,":[88,182],"conventional":[90],"wisdom":[91],"was":[92,101,127,167,195,208,231,272,386],"challenged":[93],"by":[94,213],"resurgence":[96],"protest":[99,124,194,241,279,299,317,373,385],"sometimes":[102],"markedly":[103],"more":[104,187],"confrontational":[105,179,188],"1980s.":[110],"To":[111],"determine":[112],"whether":[113],"there":[114,230,273,394],"had":[115],"indeed":[116],"decline":[119,163],"or":[120,161,249,397],"deradicalization":[121],"event":[125,324,374],"analysis":[126,375],"undertaken":[128],"protests":[132,166,174],"reported":[133,173,192,354],"one":[135],"quality":[136],"newspaper":[137,377],"each":[139],"eight":[141],"countries\u2013Britain,":[142],"France,":[143],"Germany,":[144],"Greece,":[145],"Italy,":[146],"Spain,":[147],"Sweden,":[148],"Basque":[151],"Country":[152],"\u2013":[153],"10":[156],"1988\u201397.":[158],"No":[159],"universal":[160],"monotonic":[162],"apparent":[168],"decade,":[171,201],"with":[172,306,332,360],"declining":[175],"becoming":[177,186],"less":[178],"some":[181,406],"but":[183,229],"rising":[184],"others.":[190],"Most":[191],"moderate":[196],"nondisruptive":[198],"throughout":[199],"violent":[203],"action":[204],"remained":[205,261,303],"rare.":[206],"expected":[209],"opportunities":[211],"created":[212],"increased":[215],"competence":[217],"Union":[221,254],"would":[222],"produce":[223],"Europeanization":[225,276],"no":[232,387,398],"evidence":[233,274,399],"any":[235],"increase":[236],"proportions":[239],"mobilized":[242],"level":[245],"of,":[246],"stimulated":[247],"by,":[248],"targeted":[250],"at":[251,262],"institutions,":[257],"all":[258,267],"which":[260,383],"very":[263],"low":[264],"levels":[265],"countries.":[270],"Nor":[271],"shape":[282],"convergence":[284],"national":[286],"patterns":[287,294],"The":[293],"varied":[300],"considerably":[301],"nationally":[304],"idiosyncratic,":[305],"considerable":[307],"cross\u2010national":[308],"variations":[309],"issues":[312],"forms":[315],"tending":[318],"persist":[320],"over":[321],"time.":[322],"Protest":[323],"methodology":[325],"encounters":[326],"problems":[327],"selection":[329],"bias":[330],"associated":[331,359],"cycles":[333],"media":[335],"attention,":[336],"so,":[338],"attempt":[341],"better":[342],"understand":[344],"these":[345],"biases":[346],"impact":[349],"upon":[350],"pattern":[352],"journalists":[356],"editors":[358],"production":[362],"those":[364],"reports":[365,378],"were":[366],"interviewed.":[367],"On":[368],"basis":[370],"decade":[381],"longer":[388],"novel,":[389],"this":[390],"concludes":[392],"little":[396],"demobilization":[402],"environmentalism,":[404],"activism":[412],"may":[413],"be":[414],"self\u2010limiting.":[415]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
