{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1595174331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6259","title":"IgA Class Switch Occurs in the Organized Nasopharynx- and Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue, but Not in the Diffuse Lamina Propria of Airways and Gut","display_name":"IgA Class Switch Occurs in the Organized Nasopharynx- and Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue, but Not in the Diffuse Lamina Propria of Airways and Gut","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1595174331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6259","mag":"1595174331","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15128814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38008053","display_name":"The Journal of Immunology","issn_l":"0022-1767","issn":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800377","host_organization_name":"American Association of Immunologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800377"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Immunologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040243658","display_name":"Takashi Shikina","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Shikina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","*Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;","\u2020 Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020 Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082923252","display_name":"Takachika Hiroi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8814-2657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8814-2657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086780","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takachika Hiroi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Research for Engineering, Science, and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corp. , Tokyo ,","Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","*Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;","\u00b6 Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","\u2021 Core Research for Engineering, Science, and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corp., Tokyo, Japan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Research for Engineering, Science, and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corp. , Tokyo ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6 Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021 Core Research for Engineering, Science, and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corp., Tokyo, Japan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071160236","display_name":"Kohichi Iwatani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kohichi Iwatani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","*Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052784878","display_name":"Myoung Ho Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8909-4725","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8909-4725"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myoung Ho Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","*Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112679419","display_name":"Satoshi Fukuyama","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Fukuyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","*Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;","\u00b6 Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6 Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Manabu Tamura","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manabu Tamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","\u2020 Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020 Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017927258","display_name":"Takeshi Kubo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-4472","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-4472"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Kubo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","\u2020 Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020 Department of Otolaryngology and Sensory Organ Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111618099","display_name":"Hiromichi Ishikawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiromichi Ishikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","\u00a7 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103255565","display_name":"Hiroshi Kiyono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5150-1011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5150-1011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086780","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Kiyono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Research for Engineering, Science, and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corp. , Tokyo ,","Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","*Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;","\u00b6 Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","\u2021 Core Research for Engineering, Science, and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corp., Tokyo, Japan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Research for Engineering, Science, and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corp. , Tokyo ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6 Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021 Core Research for Engineering, Science, and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corp., Tokyo, Japan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4496,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":177,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96470007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"172","issue":"10","first_page":"6259","last_page":"6264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11725","display_name":"Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iga-class-switching","display_name":"IgA class switching","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secretory-iga","display_name":"secretory IgA","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucosa-associated-lymphoid-tissue","display_name":"mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolated-lymphoid-follicles","display_name":"isolated lymphoid follicles","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peyer-s-patches","display_name":"Peyer's patches","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lamina-propria","display_name":"lamina propria","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-cell-homing","display_name":"B cell homing","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-induced-cytidine-deaminase","display_name":"activation-induced cytidine deaminase","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-respiratory-tract","display_name":"upper respiratory tract","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-tract","display_name":"gastrointestinal tract","score":0.9290000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777310793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725675","display_name":"Lamina propria","level":3,"score":0.8843815922737122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777991845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2396793","display_name":"Isotype","level":4,"score":0.8342360258102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7753815054893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776985229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18021211","display_name":"Cytidine deaminase","level":3,"score":0.6824970245361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137756551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2386881","display_name":"Immunoglobulin class switching","level":4,"score":0.6710883975028992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779088137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854346","display_name":"Gut-associated lymphoid tissue","level":3,"score":0.6030277013778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181152851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q712604","display_name":"Lymphatic system","level":2,"score":0.560961127281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51785407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2627568","display_name":"Effector","level":2,"score":0.5462888479232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151872237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1410759","display_name":"Homing (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5074941515922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019368612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154506","display_name":"Intestinal mucosa","level":2,"score":0.5034806132316589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4866109788417816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.4834043085575104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779102806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79453","display_name":"Immunoglobulin A","level":4,"score":0.43857479095458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.37964990735054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3516691029071808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529295009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41301","display_name":"Epithelium","level":2,"score":0.22738808393478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778453870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188930","display_name":"B cell","level":3,"score":0.22496238350868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542903549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248","display_name":"Monoclonal antibody","level":3,"score":0.21088626980781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79448","display_name":"Immunoglobulin G","level":3,"score":0.19162961840629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.13610422611236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06832751631736755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007070","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin A","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007070","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin A","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007070","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin A","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007075","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin M","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007075","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin M","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007075","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin M","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007413","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007413","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007413","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007413","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007413","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007413","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007413","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007413","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007413","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007421","descriptor_name":"Intestine, Small","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007421","descriptor_name":"Intestine, Small","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007421","descriptor_name":"Intestine, Small","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007421","descriptor_name":"Intestine, Small","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007421","descriptor_name":"Intestine, Small","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007421","descriptor_name":"Intestine, Small","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007421","descriptor_name":"Intestine, Small","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007421","descriptor_name":"Intestine, Small","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007421","descriptor_name":"Intestine, Small","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008221","descriptor_name":"Lymphoid Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008221","descriptor_name":"Lymphoid Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008221","descriptor_name":"Lymphoid Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008221","descriptor_name":"Lymphoid Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008221","descriptor_name":"Lymphoid Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008221","descriptor_name":"Lymphoid Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008221","descriptor_name":"Lymphoid Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008221","descriptor_name":"Lymphoid Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008221","descriptor_name":"Lymphoid Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008807","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008807","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008807","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009297","descriptor_name":"Nasal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009297","descriptor_name":"Nasal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009297","descriptor_name":"Nasal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009297","descriptor_name":"Nasal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009297","descriptor_name":"Nasal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009297","descriptor_name":"Nasal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009297","descriptor_name":"Nasal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009297","descriptor_name":"Nasal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009297","descriptor_name":"Nasal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009305","descriptor_name":"Nasopharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009305","descriptor_name":"Nasopharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009305","descriptor_name":"Nasopharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009305","descriptor_name":"Nasopharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009305","descriptor_name":"Nasopharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009305","descriptor_name":"Nasopharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009305","descriptor_name":"Nasopharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009305","descriptor_name":"Nasopharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009305","descriptor_name":"Nasopharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010581","descriptor_name":"Peyer's Patches","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010581","descriptor_name":"Peyer's Patches","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010581","descriptor_name":"Peyer's Patches","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010581","descriptor_name":"Peyer's Patches","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010581","descriptor_name":"Peyer's Patches","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010581","descriptor_name":"Peyer's Patches","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010581","descriptor_name":"Peyer's Patches","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010581","descriptor_name":"Peyer's Patches","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010581","descriptor_name":"Peyer's Patches","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011995","descriptor_name":"Recombination, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011995","descriptor_name":"Recombination, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011995","descriptor_name":"Recombination, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016175","descriptor_name":"B-Lymphocyte Subsets","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016175","descriptor_name":"B-Lymphocyte Subsets","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016175","descriptor_name":"B-Lymphocyte Subsets","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016175","descriptor_name":"B-Lymphocyte Subsets","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016175","descriptor_name":"B-Lymphocyte Subsets","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016175","descriptor_name":"B-Lymphocyte Subsets","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017493","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Common Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017493","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Common Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017493","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Common Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017578","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin Class Switching","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017578","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin Class Switching","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017578","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin Class Switching","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018928","descriptor_name":"Immunity, Mucosal","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018928","descriptor_name":"Immunity, Mucosal","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018928","descriptor_name":"Immunity, Mucosal","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020545","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020545","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020545","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020545","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020545","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020545","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020545","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020545","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020545","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38008053","display_name":"The Journal of Immunology","issn_l":"0022-1767","issn":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800377","host_organization_name":"American Association of Immunologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800377"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Immunologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15128814","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15128814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109680461","https://openalex.org/W1522262882","https://openalex.org/W1529237758","https://openalex.org/W1536921710","https://openalex.org/W1588940854","https://openalex.org/W1602319236","https://openalex.org/W1790588053","https://openalex.org/W1906564878","https://openalex.org/W1968017397","https://openalex.org/W1973615048","https://openalex.org/W1973810160","https://openalex.org/W1975826225","https://openalex.org/W2027366621","https://openalex.org/W2035965693","https://openalex.org/W2043161923","https://openalex.org/W2048646012","https://openalex.org/W2084385678","https://openalex.org/W2139387072","https://openalex.org/W2140067802","https://openalex.org/W2147103967","https://openalex.org/W4313331373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580273679","https://openalex.org/W2134047133","https://openalex.org/W2463687386","https://openalex.org/W2094097491","https://openalex.org/W2149998354","https://openalex.org/W2150270122","https://openalex.org/W63754614","https://openalex.org/W115126346","https://openalex.org/W89034999","https://openalex.org/W2026640354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secretory":[0],"IgA":[1,23,135,177],"plays":[2],"a":[3,12,132],"crucial":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,21,26,88,111,157,165,183,201],"the":[7,35,38,57,72,89,106,112,118,129,166,184,202,207],"host":[8],"immune":[9],"response":[10],"as":[11,62,95,117],"first":[13],"line":[14],"of":[15,20,40,65,75,108,131,134,206],"defense.":[16],"A":[17],"recent":[18],"demonstration":[19],"situ":[22],"class":[24,137,179],"switching":[25,180],"intestinal":[27,122],"lamina":[28,123],"propria":[29],"provided":[30],"an":[31],"opportunity":[32],"to":[33,49,81],"reconsider":[34],"model":[36],"for":[37],"homing":[39],"IgA-committed":[41],"B":[42],"cells":[43,79,87],"characterized":[44],"by":[45],"distinctive":[46],"trafficking":[47],"patterns":[48],"effector":[50,53,114,169,204],"sites.":[51,170],"Those":[52],"sites":[54],"depend":[55],"on":[56],"organized":[58,90,159,185],"mucosa-associated":[59,91,160,186],"lymphoid":[60,92,97,100,161,187,191,194],"tissues":[61,205],"their":[63],"site":[64],"induction.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"report":[69],"we":[70],"show":[71],"preferential":[73],"presence":[74],"IgM(+)B220(+)":[76],"and":[77,83,102,105,121,149,196,210],"IgA(+)B220(+)":[78],"belonging":[80],"pre-":[82],"post-IgA":[84],"isotype":[85,136,178],"class-switched":[86],"tissues,":[93,98,115,192],"such":[94,116],"nasopharynx-associated":[96,190],"isolated":[99,193],"follicles,":[101,195],"Peyer's":[103,197],"patches,":[104],"defect":[107],"those":[109],"populations":[110],"diffuse":[113,167,203],"nasal":[119],"passage":[120],"propria.":[124],"Consistent":[125],"with":[126],"these":[127,158,173],"findings,":[128],"expressions":[130],"series":[133],"switch":[138],"recombination-related":[139],"molecules,":[140],"including":[141],"activation-induced":[142],"cytidine":[143],"deaminase,":[144],"Ialpha-C":[145,150],"micro":[146,151],"circle":[147,152],"transcripts,":[148,153],"were":[154],"selectively":[155],"detected":[156],"structures,":[162],"but":[163,199],"not":[164,200],"mucosal":[168],"Taken":[171],"together,":[172],"findings":[174],"suggest":[175],"that":[176],"occurs":[181],"only":[182],"organs":[188],"(e.g.,":[189],"patches),":[198],"upper":[208],"respiratory":[209],"gastrointestinal":[211],"tracts.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}