{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1594893453","doi":null,"title":"The Internationalization of Japanese Firms: New Findings Based on Firm-Level Data","display_name":"The Internationalization of Japanese Firms: New Findings Based on Firm-Level Data","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1594893453","mag":"1594893453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eti:dpaper:08036","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/08e036.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/08e036.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027802860","display_name":"Ryuhei Wakasugi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9767-1470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9767-1470"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryuhei Wakasugi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyoto univ"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9767-1470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyoto univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056929707","display_name":"Yasuyuki Todo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-4488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-4488"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuyuki Todo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-4488","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104091040","display_name":"Hitoshi Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5837-0739","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5837-0739"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hitoshi Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5837-0739","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058921908","display_name":"Shuichiro Nishioka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7808-7159","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7808-7159"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuichiro Nishioka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7808-7159","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077898583","display_name":"Toshiyuki Matsuura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8240-6861","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8240-6861"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiyuki Matsuura","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8240-6861","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041673918","display_name":"Banri Ito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3912-9947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3912-9947"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Banri Ito","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3912-9947","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007176446","display_name":"Ayumu Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-9236","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-9236"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayumu Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-9236","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.75,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.75,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.2476000040769577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization-of-firms","display_name":"internationalization of firms","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-manufacturers","display_name":"Japanese manufacturing firms","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"foreign direct investment","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exports","display_name":"exports","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-productivity","display_name":"firm productivity","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-differences","display_name":"productivity differences","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japan-europe-comparison","display_name":"Japan-Europe comparison","score":0.5210000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.8757197856903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97509610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141064","display_name":"Internationalization","level":2,"score":0.8271210193634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7970484495162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7091602087020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988460067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639","display_name":"Manufacturing sector","level":2,"score":0.5498233437538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.4601398706436157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.38946399092674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.197230726480484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.08080318570137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eti:dpaper:08036","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/08e036.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/08e036.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:1594893453","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/08e036.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W233209460","https://openalex.org/W1480899479","https://openalex.org/W1485676192","https://openalex.org/W1509707534","https://openalex.org/W1527632235","https://openalex.org/W1544153139","https://openalex.org/W1976087595","https://openalex.org/W1977983082","https://openalex.org/W1978413276","https://openalex.org/W1983889616","https://openalex.org/W1992678093","https://openalex.org/W2016694392","https://openalex.org/W2021436569","https://openalex.org/W2023110583","https://openalex.org/W2081541758","https://openalex.org/W2082431974","https://openalex.org/W2091575737","https://openalex.org/W2097790641","https://openalex.org/W2099167504","https://openalex.org/W2101626668","https://openalex.org/W2101782826","https://openalex.org/W2104618422","https://openalex.org/W2108816070","https://openalex.org/W2120050039","https://openalex.org/W2134499434","https://openalex.org/W2148363467","https://openalex.org/W2154715810","https://openalex.org/W2159211175","https://openalex.org/W2163409793","https://openalex.org/W2316512862","https://openalex.org/W2803387587","https://openalex.org/W2889809566","https://openalex.org/W3021040265","https://openalex.org/W3023641402","https://openalex.org/W3023875755","https://openalex.org/W3023960206","https://openalex.org/W3123747779","https://openalex.org/W3124170156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489993732","https://openalex.org/W105051947","https://openalex.org/W984467204","https://openalex.org/W7065901926","https://openalex.org/W1948071181","https://openalex.org/W2001419622","https://openalex.org/W7146765906","https://openalex.org/W3125768653","https://openalex.org/W1566684632","https://openalex.org/W1987636885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"firm-level":[1],"data":[2],"for":[3,30],"the":[4,54,86],"Japanese":[5,103],"manufacturing":[6],"sector,":[7],"we":[8,66],"examine":[9],"characteristics":[10,27],"of":[11,50,56,102],"internationalized":[12,37,73],"firms,":[13,52,74],"i.e.,":[14],"firms":[15,38,78],"engaging":[16],"in":[17,82,85],"export":[18,98],"and/or":[19],"foreign":[20],"direct":[21],"investment":[22],"(FDI),":[23],"and":[24,42,61,76],"compare":[25],"these":[26],"with":[28],"those":[29],"selected":[31],"European":[32,87],"countries.":[33,63,88],"We":[34],"find":[35,67],"that":[36,43,49,68,92],"are":[39,79],"a":[40],"few":[41],"their":[44],"productivity":[45,69,93],"is":[46],"higher":[47],"than":[48,84],"non-internationalized":[51],"confirming":[53],"findings":[55],"existing":[57],"studies":[58],"on":[59],"Japan":[60,83],"other":[62],"In":[64],"addition,":[65],"differences":[70,94],"between":[71],"non-":[72],"exporters,":[75],"FDI":[77,100],"substantially":[80],"smaller":[81],"This":[89],"evidence":[90],"suggests":[91],"alone":[95],"cannot":[96],"determine":[97],"or":[99],"behavior":[101],"firms.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
