{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1594416319","doi":null,"title":"The Ideal Performance Appraisal Is a Format, Not a Form","display_name":"The Ideal Performance Appraisal Is a Format, Not a Form","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1594416319","mag":"1594416319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1594416319","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-294507954/the-ideal-performance-appraisal-is-a-format-not-a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764575530","display_name":"Academy of strategic management journal/Academy of Strategic Management journal","issn_l":"1544-1458","issn":["1544-1458","1939-6104"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315810","host_organization_name":"Allied Academies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315810","https://openalex.org/P4310320466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Allied Academies","OMICS Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Academy of strategic management journal/Academy of Strategic Management journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044277419","display_name":"Jack N. Kondrasuk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jack N. Kondrasuk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044277419"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.4618,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9820246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"115","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.4219000041484833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.4219000041484833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.259799987077713,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12843","display_name":"Human Resource and Talent Management","score":0.13539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-evaluation-human-resources","display_name":"performance evaluation (human resources)","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assessment-bias","display_name":"evaluation bias","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-participation","display_name":"employee participation","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appraisal-training","display_name":"appraisal training","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-system-construction","display_name":"evaluation system design","score":0.382999986410141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777873905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430184","display_name":"Performance appraisal","level":2,"score":0.815693736076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.6012234091758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5521150231361389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909103016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430184","display_name":"Employee Performance Appraisal","level":2,"score":0.5497286319732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.5367532968521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.5084582567214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.5078087449073792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41927894949913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3466901183128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.33068203926086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3127521872520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.22780436277389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17362111806869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1314910352230072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07670119404792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0713488757610321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1594416319","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-294507954/the-ideal-performance-appraisal-is-a-format-not-a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764575530","display_name":"Academy of strategic management journal/Academy of Strategic Management journal","issn_l":"1544-1458","issn":["1544-1458","1939-6104"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315810","host_organization_name":"Allied Academies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315810","https://openalex.org/P4310320466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Allied Academies","OMICS Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Academy of strategic management journal/Academy of Strategic Management journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6000000238418579}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W645529643","https://openalex.org/W1882632109","https://openalex.org/W1973016203","https://openalex.org/W1977555871","https://openalex.org/W2033736157","https://openalex.org/W2035327803","https://openalex.org/W2037472539","https://openalex.org/W2044054353","https://openalex.org/W2068739532","https://openalex.org/W2101749795","https://openalex.org/W2116835383","https://openalex.org/W2401119133","https://openalex.org/W2422159729","https://openalex.org/W2886211529","https://openalex.org/W2888454194","https://openalex.org/W2992968017"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2992968017","https://openalex.org/W7099031220","https://openalex.org/W2122171986","https://openalex.org/W2609859439","https://openalex.org/W2147844458","https://openalex.org/W2944186155","https://openalex.org/W1912330907","https://openalex.org/W82249203","https://openalex.org/W2393713318","https://openalex.org/W105483318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,139,204,551],"most":[2,106,146,214,216,221],"maligned":[3],"(and":[4],"also":[5],"dreaded)":[6],"aspect":[7],"of":[8,15,40,73,114,142,144,206,212,331,358,371,553],"human":[9,148,223],"resource":[10,149,224],"management":[11,150,225,396],"is":[12,29,45,210,253,536,556,589],"the":[13,105,112,145,181,213,220,284,293,341,348,435,439,454,471,484,487,502,507,510,518,532,540,545,593,609],"process":[14,286],"evaluating":[16],"an":[17,51,127,448,461,494,527,559,604],"employee's":[18,472,488,533],"job":[19,208,473,508],"performance-often":[20],"referred":[21],"to":[22,47,50,59,80,162,264,310,316,345,355,509,543,549,557,569,580,607],"as":[23,239,565,567],"performance":[165,201],"appraisal.":[25],"Yet":[26],"appraisal":[28,54,69,76,85,128,170,205,266,351,399,451,462,495,528],"helpful":[30,468],"to,":[31,36],"and":[32,122,133,188,218,233,261,271,276,281,329,334,390,407,429,467,475,512,535,583,601],"often":[33],"even":[34,250],"essential":[35],"accomplishing":[37],"important":[38,107,256],"goals":[39,113,436],"all":[41,61,500],"organizations.":[42],"This":[43],"article":[44],"designed":[46],"move":[48],"closer":[49],"ideal":[52,449,560,605],"system.":[55],"Research":[56],"was":[57,78,289],"conducted":[58],"ascertain":[60],"problems":[62,77],"that":[63,156,168,237,279,362,382,463,496,501,529],"are":[64,87,193,302,336],"occurring":[65],"with":[66,101,195,269],"present":[67],"systems.":[70],"A":[71],"list":[72,592],"76":[74],"reduced":[79],"4":[81],"general":[82],"categories.":[83],"Performance":[84,350,398],"systems":[86],"improved":[88],"by":[89,180,438],"rectifying":[90],"common":[91],"shortcomings":[92],"(e.g.":[93,186],"reducing":[94],"biases,":[95],"training":[96],"those":[97],"involved,":[98],"using":[99],"formats":[100],"research":[102],"substantiation).":[103],"However,":[104,377],"changes":[108,301],"required":[109],"1)":[110],"clarifying":[111],"appraisal,":[116],"2)":[117],"focusing":[118],"on":[119,326,387],"both":[259],"results":[121],"behavior":[123],"appraisals,":[124,600],"3)":[125],"adding":[126],"category,":[129],"4)":[130],"better":[131,135],"timing,":[132],"5)":[134],"involving":[136],"constituencies.":[137],"INTRODUCTION":[138],"latest":[140],"edition":[141],"one":[357],"prominent":[147],"textbooks":[151],"(Dessler,":[152],"2011)":[153],"points":[154,380],"out":[155,381],"every":[157],"manager":[158,183],"needs":[159],"some":[160],"way":[161],"appraise":[163],"employees'":[164],"(p.":[166,202,273],"306),":[167],"(PA)":[171],"will":[172],"be":[173,356,447,460,465,493,526],"done":[174],"in":[175,291,469,506,539,572,597],"each":[176],"case":[177],"-":[178,562],"whether":[179],"supervising":[182],"or":[184,563],"others":[185],"peers),":[187],"few":[189],"things":[190],"managers":[191,260,280,307],"do":[192,313],"fraught":[194],"more":[196,385,405,547],"peril":[197],"than":[198,393],"appraising":[199],"subordinates;":[200],"321).":[203],"employee":[207,327,503],"important,":[215],"common,":[217],"probably":[219,459,492,525],"disliked":[222],"activity.":[226],"Others":[227],"have":[228,323,433],"echoed":[229],"these":[230],"points.":[231],"Thomas":[232,275],"Bretz":[234,277],"(1994)":[235],"state":[236,278],"PA,":[238],"typically":[240],"conducted,":[241,591],"has":[352,384,504],"remained":[243],"a":[244,254,403,570],"largely":[245],"unsatisfactory":[246],"endeavor":[247],"for":[248,300,339,517],"years":[249],"though":[251],"it":[252,457,490,523],"very":[255],"HRM":[257],"area;":[258],"employees":[262,282,410,423],"tend":[263],"approach":[265],"feedback":[267],"sessions":[268],"fear":[270],"loathing":[272],"28).":[274],"dislike":[283],"PA":[285,321,383,561,582,588,606],"because":[287],"neither":[288],"involved":[290],"developing":[292],"forms":[294],"nor":[295,304,312],"processes,":[296],"neither'":[297],"s":[298],"suggestions":[299],"solicited":[303],"acted":[305],"upon,":[306],"don't":[308],"like":[309,315],"give":[311],"subordinates":[314],"receive":[317],"negative":[318,320,324],"messages,":[319],"ratings":[322],"effects":[325],"careers":[328,389],"perceptions":[330],"their":[332,368,422],"managers,":[333],"there":[335],"no":[337],"rewards":[338],"taking":[340],"manager's":[342],"valuable":[343],"time":[344],"appropriately":[346],"conduct":[347],"PA.":[349],"been":[353],"said":[354],"six":[359],"deadly":[360],"diseases":[361],"keep":[363,409],"organizations":[364],"from":[365],"performing":[366],"at":[367,414],"peak":[369],"(Staff":[370],"Employee":[372],"Recruitment":[373],"&":[374],"Retention,":[375],"2010).":[376],"Grote":[378],"(2010)":[379],"influence":[386],"individual":[388],"work":[391],"lives":[392],"any":[394],"other":[395],"process.":[397],"can":[400,427],"make":[402,544],"business":[404],"efficient":[406],"help":[408,418],"motivated.":[411],"Evaluating":[412],"people":[413],"regular":[415],"intervals,":[416],"appraisals":[417],"firms":[419],"show":[420],"where":[421,425],"excel,":[424],"they":[426,432],"improve,":[428],"how":[430,587],"well":[431],"followed":[434],"set":[437],"firm.":[440],"PURPOSE":[441],"OF":[442],"THE":[443],"PAPER":[444],"What":[445],"would":[446,458,464,491,497,524],"(PA)?":[452],"From":[453,486,520],"supervisor's":[455],"perspective,":[456],"accurate":[466],"improving":[470],"making":[476],"administrative":[477],"decisions":[478],"(e.":[479],"g.":[480],"pay":[481],"raises)":[482],"about":[483],"employee.":[485,519],"perspective":[489],"fully":[498],"capture":[499],"contributed":[505],"employer":[511],"enable":[513],"continued":[514],"career":[515],"growth":[516],"society's":[521],"view":[522],"fairly":[530],"assesses":[531],"used":[537],"justly":[538],"employment":[541],"situation":[542],"organization":[546],"useful":[548],"society.":[550],"purpose":[552],"this":[554,573,577],"paper":[555],"develop":[558],"come":[564],"close":[566],"possible":[568],"panacea":[571],"area.":[574],"To":[575],"accomplish":[576],"we":[578],"need":[579],"define":[581],"its":[584],"goals,":[585],"understand":[586],"usually":[590],"problem":[594],"areas":[595],"encountered":[596],"typical":[598],"then":[602],"propose":[603],"meet":[608],"concerns.":[610],"\u2026":[611]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
