{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1593906110","doi":null,"title":"The Liability of Online Markets for Counterfeit Goods: A Comparative Analysis of Secondary Trademark Infringement in the United States and Europe","display_name":"The Liability of Online Markets for Counterfeit Goods: A Comparative Analysis of Secondary Trademark Infringement in the United States and Europe","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1593906110","mag":"1593906110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu:njilb-1013","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njilb/vol32/iss1/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1888981_code1604210.pdf?abstractid=1888981&mirid=1&type=2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108360909","display_name":"Kurt M. Saunders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-873X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-873X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157638225","display_name":"California State University, Northridge","ror":"https://ror.org/005f5hv41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157638225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurt M. Saunders","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University,Northridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University,Northridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157638225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078946791","display_name":"Gerlinde Berger\u2010Walliser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerlinde Berger\u2010Walliser","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Connecticut - School of Business - Dept. of Business Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Connecticut - School of Business - Dept. of Business Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23730395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11769","display_name":"Copyright and Intellectual Property","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12767","display_name":"Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contributory-infringement","display_name":"contributory infringement","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-marketplaces","display_name":"online marketplaces","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auction-websites","display_name":"auction websites","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfeit-goods","display_name":"counterfeit goods","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luxury-brands","display_name":"luxury brands","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-trademark-law","display_name":"comparative trademark law","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states-trademark-law","display_name":"United States trademark law","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-trademark-law","display_name":"EU trademark law","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/france","display_name":"France","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germany","display_name":"Germany","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-kingdom","display_name":"United Kingdom","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-harmonization","display_name":"legal harmonization","score":0.7390000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780639879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98091506","display_name":"Trademark infringement","level":3,"score":0.8931686282157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779027411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167270","display_name":"Trademark","level":2,"score":0.8833140134811401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502918","display_name":"Counterfeit","level":2,"score":0.8616056442260742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6830134987831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.5658048391342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.5532912611961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994288755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949715","display_name":"Luxury goods","level":2,"score":0.4329725503921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120101462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q518105","display_name":"Comparative advertising","level":2,"score":0.4177151620388031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3778564929962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3524429202079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.34562233090400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.33832067251205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.29602527618408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19688892364501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1680574119091034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1337960660457611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07321292161941528}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu:njilb-1013","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njilb/vol32/iss1/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1593906110","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1888981_code1604210.pdf?abstractid=1888981&mirid=1&type=2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3122011397","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gerlinde_Berger-Walliser/publication/228280232_The_Liability_of_Online_Markets_for_Counterfeit_Goods_A_Comparative_Analysis_of_Secondary_Trademark_Infringement_in_the_United_States_and_Europe/links/541061240cf2f2b29a4106f1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764825173","display_name":"Northwestern journal of international law & business","issn_l":"0196-3228","issn":["0196-3228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Northwestern journal of international law & business","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:1593906110","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1888981_code1604210.pdf?abstractid=1888981&mirid=1&type=2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W71574887","https://openalex.org/W1482993878","https://openalex.org/W4406212287","https://openalex.org/W6978083250","https://openalex.org/W2034055050","https://openalex.org/W3126620160","https://openalex.org/W1545719817","https://openalex.org/W2229929528","https://openalex.org/W1989295976","https://openalex.org/W2103455610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"trademark":[1,15,55,90],"infringement":[2,37,91],"and":[3,26,63,69,77,96,130],"counterfeiting":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,93,111,132],"growing":[7],"problem":[8],"for":[9,35,54,89,110,134],"luxury":[10],"brands.":[11],"In":[12,47],"recent":[13],"years,":[14],"owners":[16],"have":[17,73],"taken":[18],"aim":[19],"at":[20],"the":[21,49,57,60,70,84,98,102,114,121,124],"operators":[22],"of":[23,41,51,59,86,113,123],"online":[24,125],"marketplaces":[25],"auction":[27],"websites,":[28],"asserting":[29],"that":[30,118],"these":[31],"defendants":[32],"are":[33],"liable":[34],"contributory":[36],"due":[38],"to":[39],"sales":[40],"counterfeit":[42],"goods":[43],"on":[44],"their":[45,106],"sites.":[46],"addressing":[48],"scope":[50],"secondary":[52,87],"liability":[53,88],"infringement,":[56],"courts":[58,104],"United":[61,71],"States":[62],"European":[64],"nations,":[65],"including":[66],"France,":[67],"Germany,":[68],"Kingdom,":[72],"applied":[74],"differing":[75],"standards":[76],"reached":[78],"inconsistent":[79],"results.":[80],"This":[81],"article":[82],"considers":[83],"question":[85],"from":[92],"comparative":[94],"perspective":[95],"contrasts":[97],"rationales":[99],"offered":[100],"by":[101],"various":[103],"in":[105],"decisions.":[107],"It":[108],"argues":[109],"harmonization":[112],"law":[115],"across":[116],"borders":[117],"also":[119],"fits":[120],"realities":[122],"intermediary":[126],"market":[127],"business":[128],"model,":[129],"proposes":[131],"standard":[133],"doing":[135],"so.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}