{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1593554700","doi":null,"title":"Constraints on the Waging of War: An Introduction to International Humanitarian Law","display_name":"Constraints on the Waging of War: An Introduction to International Humanitarian Law","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1593554700","mag":"1593554700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024409121","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/11663/cover/9781107011663.jpg","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069641206","display_name":"Frits Kalshoven","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frits Kalshoven","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9it Leiden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9it Leiden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085118666","display_name":"Liesbeth Zegveld","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liesbeth Zegveld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9it Leiden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9it Leiden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9166,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":194,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94770459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14492","display_name":"War, Law, and Justice","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12957","display_name":"War, Ethics, and Justification","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-humanitarian-law","display_name":"international humanitarian law","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hague-conventions","display_name":"Hague Conventions","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geneva-conventions","display_name":"Geneva Conventions","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additional-protocols-of-1977","display_name":"Additional Protocols of 1977","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/armed-conflict","display_name":"armed conflict","score":0.31700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778573023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381148","display_name":"International humanitarian law","level":3,"score":0.7444248795509338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5588882565498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779280718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14783702","display_name":"Law of war","level":3,"score":0.4659811854362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.44439759850502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.4115302264690399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.35987478494644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24320581555366516}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024409121","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/11663/cover/9781107011663.jpg","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bibliotecavirtualdefensa.es:772789","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bibliotecavirtual.defensa.gob.es/BVMDefensa/es/consulta/registro.do?id=772789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196928","display_name":"Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210162908","host_organization_name":"Ministerio de Defensa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162908"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Libros"},{"id":"mag:1593554700","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB06460081","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081060979","https://openalex.org/W1536143871","https://openalex.org/W4378376637","https://openalex.org/W4402371743","https://openalex.org/W4225784746","https://openalex.org/W371785206","https://openalex.org/W600726411","https://openalex.org/W2102130412","https://openalex.org/W2484001414","https://openalex.org/W2482267745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"1.":[0],"Introduction":[1],"2.":[2],"The":[3,12,20],"main":[4],"currents:":[5],"the":[6,15],"Hague,":[7],"Geneva,":[8],"New":[9],"York":[10],"3.":[11],"law":[13],"before":[14],"Protocols":[16,21],"of":[17,22],"1977":[18,23],"4.":[19],"5.":[24],"Post-1977":[25],"developments":[26],"6.":[27],"Conclusion.":[28]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}