{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1593414871","doi":null,"title":"Knowledge-based tutoring: the GUIDON program","display_name":"Knowledge-based tutoring: the GUIDON program","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1593414871","mag":"1593414871"},"language":"de","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:110970","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/110970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048181212","display_name":"William J. Clancey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-9437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-9437"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William J. Clancey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University Stanford CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University Stanford CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048181212"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2295,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":267,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98720037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13559","display_name":"Edcuational Technology Systems","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycin","display_name":"MYCIN","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-expert-systems","display_name":"rule-based expert systems","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-assisted-instruction","display_name":"computer-assisted instruction","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnosis","display_name":"diagnosis","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease-diagnosis","display_name":"infectious disease diagnosis","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-modeling","display_name":"student modeling","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explanation-generation","display_name":"explanation generation","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation","display_name":"knowledge representation","score":0.734000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7163550853729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.6635844111442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.6335145235061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105002631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4833645","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","level":3,"score":0.5254232883453369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5140277147293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4590124189853668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.4420246183872223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4207569360733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102600418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517507","display_name":"Legal expert system","level":3,"score":0.4164081811904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17098629474639893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:110970","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/110970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:1593414871","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA0088639X","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463997","display_name":"The MIT Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MIT Press eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W192108868","https://openalex.org/W1519781045","https://openalex.org/W7095491650","https://openalex.org/W1973925773","https://openalex.org/W7095570775","https://openalex.org/W110226030","https://openalex.org/W7014904497","https://openalex.org/W641953461","https://openalex.org/W2416408456","https://openalex.org/W2022847609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge-Based":[0,274],"Tutoring":[1,275],"describes":[2,86],"the":[3,22,51,73,95,103,115,129,169,219,236,246,265],"advantages":[4],"and":[5,16,42,69,80,94,97,113,202,214,217,248,291],"difficulties":[6],"of":[7,99,131,168,171,179],"adapting":[8],"an":[9,145],"expert":[10,25,132,146],"system":[11,147],"for":[12,50,111,134,212,235],"use":[13,130],"in":[14,33,61,126,128,200,207,278,283],"teaching":[15],"problem":[17,67],"solving.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20],"case":[21],"well-known":[23],"rule-based":[24],"system,":[26],"MYCIN,":[27],"which":[28],"has":[29,242],"been":[30,243],"widely":[31],"used":[32,46],"medical":[34],"artificial":[35],"intelligence":[36],"to":[37,63,106,117,143,152,182,196,218,238,253],"do":[38],"infectious":[39],"disease":[40],"diagnosis":[41],"therapy":[43],"selection,":[44],"is":[45,92,102,141,259,276],"as":[47,72],"a":[48,65,78,82,108,123,260],"base":[49,110],"instructional":[52],"program":[53,191],"GUIDON.":[54],"MYCIN's":[55],"rules":[56],"are":[57,185,205,223],"interpreted":[58],"by":[59,287],"GUIDON":[60,88],"order":[62],"evaluate":[64],"student's":[66],"solving":[68],"provide":[70],"assistance":[71],"student":[74,215],"gathers":[75],"information":[76],"about":[77,209],"patient":[79],"makes":[81,156],"diagnosis.":[83],"The":[84,229,279],"book":[85,230],"what":[87,118],"does,":[89],"how":[90],"it":[91,140,161],"constructed,":[93],"benefits":[96],"limitations":[98],"its":[100],"design.This":[101],"first":[104],"attempt":[105],"adapt":[107],"rule":[109],"tutoring":[112,172],"opens":[114],"door":[116],"will":[119,177,192],"most":[120],"likely":[121],"be":[122,163,178,239,251],"dramatic":[124,166],"growth":[125],"interest":[127,181],"systems":[133],"teaching.":[135],"Clancey":[136,258],"points":[137],"out":[138],"that":[139,148,155,160],"easy":[142],"build":[144,153],"works,":[149],"but":[150,241],"difficult":[151],"one":[154],"knowledge":[157,176,255],"explicit":[158],"so":[159,245],"can":[162,250],"taught.":[164],"His":[165],"demonstration":[167],"separation":[170],"from":[173],"subject":[174],"matter":[175],"particular":[180],"researchers":[183,199],"who":[184,204,222],"developing":[186,225],"traditional":[187],"computer-aided":[188,226],"instruction":[189,227],"programs.Clancey's":[190],"also":[193],"prove":[194],"useful":[195],"cognitive":[197],"science":[198],"psychology":[201],"education":[203],"interested":[206],"learning":[208],"AI":[210],"techniques":[211],"explanation":[213],"modeling,":[216],"many":[220],"people":[221],"currently":[224],"programs.":[228],"contains":[231],"enough":[232],"technical":[233],"details":[234],"work":[237],"replicated,":[240],"generalized":[244],"methods":[247],"lessons":[249],"applied":[252],"other":[254],"representations.William":[256],"J.":[257],"Senior":[261],"Research":[262],"Associate,":[263],"at":[264],"Knowledge":[266],"Systems":[267],"Laboratory,":[268],"Computer":[269],"Science":[270],"Department,":[271],"Stanford":[272],"University.":[273],"included":[277],"MIT":[280],"Press":[281],"Series":[282],"Artificial":[284],"Intelligence,":[285],"edited":[286],"Patrick":[288],"Henry":[289],"Winston":[290],"Michael":[292],"Brady.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
