{"id":"https://openalex.org/W159235474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07649.x","title":"Phase variation of the opacity outer membrane protein controls invasion by Neisseria gonorrhoeae into human epithelial cells.","display_name":"Phase variation of the opacity outer membrane protein controls invasion by Neisseria gonorrhoeae into human epithelial cells.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W159235474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07649.x","mag":"159235474","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1673923","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/452788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07649.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07649.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07649.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127916151","display_name":"The EMBO Journal","issn_l":"0261-4189","issn":["0261-4189","1460-2075"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The EMBO Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W159235474"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/452788","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080416329","display_name":"Sou\u2010ichi Makino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165766","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/0243gzr89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210165766"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Makino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biologie, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, T\u00fcbingen, FRG"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biologie, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, T\u00fcbingen, FRG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010857482","display_name":"Jos P. M. van Putten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4126-8172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4126-8172"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165766","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/0243gzr89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210165766"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.P. van Putten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biologie, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, T\u00fcbingen, FRG"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biologie, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, T\u00fcbingen, FRG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165766"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079499882","display_name":"Thomas F. Meyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6120-8679","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6120-8679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165766","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/0243gzr89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210165766"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.F. Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biologie, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, T\u00fcbingen, FRG"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Biologie, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, T\u00fcbingen, FRG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165766"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165766"],"apc_list":{"value":7990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":7990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6654,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":223,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.987521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"1307","last_page":"1315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10428","display_name":"Reproductive tract infections research","score":0.017799999564886093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.0142000000923872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neisseria-gonorrhoeae","display_name":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opa-proteins","display_name":"Opa proteins","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outer-membrane-proteins","display_name":"outer membrane proteins","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-invasion","display_name":"bacterial invasion","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjunctival-epithelial-cells","display_name":"conjunctival epithelial cells","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-adhesion","display_name":"bacterial adhesion","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytochalasin-d","display_name":"cytochalasin D","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fimbriae","display_name":"fimbriae","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-virulence-factors","display_name":"bacterial virulence factors","score":0.5950000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166126730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725309","display_name":"Planck","level":2,"score":0.6161920428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779166590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131129","display_name":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae","level":2,"score":0.5946999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5331774353981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5072481036186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691914","display_name":"Opacity","level":2,"score":0.4303205907344818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.3075125515460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.23675811290740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001422","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Adhesion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001425","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001425","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003228","descriptor_name":"Conjunctiva","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004848","descriptor_name":"Epithelium","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005455","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008854","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008970","descriptor_name":"Molecular Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009344","descriptor_name":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009344","descriptor_name":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010861","descriptor_name":"Fimbriae, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015153","descriptor_name":"Blotting, Western","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07649.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07649.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07649.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127916151","display_name":"The EMBO Journal","issn_l":"0261-4189","issn":["0261-4189","1460-2075"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The EMBO Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:201337","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/452788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:1673923","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1673923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The EMBO journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:452788","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC452788/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EMBO J","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3223587","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0006-5353-F","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EMBO Journal","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:201337","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/452788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181760639","https://openalex.org/W1562014797","https://openalex.org/W1592897547","https://openalex.org/W1801867089","https://openalex.org/W1820746812","https://openalex.org/W1836182851","https://openalex.org/W1844896946","https://openalex.org/W1871493996","https://openalex.org/W1910413064","https://openalex.org/W1933226978","https://openalex.org/W1933231971","https://openalex.org/W1961730009","https://openalex.org/W1964447229","https://openalex.org/W1980327806","https://openalex.org/W1980698302","https://openalex.org/W1983307257","https://openalex.org/W2002849064","https://openalex.org/W2004426462","https://openalex.org/W2008068279","https://openalex.org/W2008132225","https://openalex.org/W2008850485","https://openalex.org/W2012198097","https://openalex.org/W2012517090","https://openalex.org/W2016545287","https://openalex.org/W2035006248","https://openalex.org/W2036801834","https://openalex.org/W2041264310","https://openalex.org/W2043364437","https://openalex.org/W2046716641","https://openalex.org/W2056171038","https://openalex.org/W2058003632","https://openalex.org/W2061508999","https://openalex.org/W2062677544","https://openalex.org/W2073667518","https://openalex.org/W2074476239","https://openalex.org/W2079380104","https://openalex.org/W2081226705","https://openalex.org/W2099677026","https://openalex.org/W2101390379","https://openalex.org/W2111319856","https://openalex.org/W2118255064","https://openalex.org/W2124856191","https://openalex.org/W2130375818","https://openalex.org/W2131785145","https://openalex.org/W2132948502","https://openalex.org/W2141752248","https://openalex.org/W2145496463","https://openalex.org/W2164722793","https://openalex.org/W2165946618","https://openalex.org/W2168422276","https://openalex.org/W2171979062","https://openalex.org/W2172271496","https://openalex.org/W2197446195","https://openalex.org/W2314434062","https://openalex.org/W2324183283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372988","https://openalex.org/W2016366469","https://openalex.org/W2076929234","https://openalex.org/W2153366148","https://openalex.org/W2113573081","https://openalex.org/W2061119406","https://openalex.org/W1109749069","https://openalex.org/W2019911093","https://openalex.org/W2100467545","https://openalex.org/W2113478566"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}