{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1592089617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/32112","title":"Subsurface charge accumulation imaging of a quantum Hall liquid","display_name":"Subsurface charge accumulation imaging of a quantum Hall liquid","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1592089617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/32112","mag":"1592089617"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/32112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/32112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/32112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9811124","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040036353","display_name":"Stuart Tessmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-9899","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-9899"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. H. Tessmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003017209","display_name":"P. I. Glicofridis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. I. Glicofridis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112605571","display_name":"R. C. Ashoori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5031-1673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5031-1673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. C. Ashoori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024691214","display_name":"Leonid S Levitov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-731X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-731X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. S. Levitov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109092733","display_name":"M. R. Melloch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. R. Melloch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 37907, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 37907, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112605571"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.4978,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":170,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98987118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"392","issue":"6671","first_page":"51","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13531","display_name":"Surface and Thin Film Phenomena","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-hall-effect","display_name":"quantum Hall effect","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-hall-liquid","display_name":"quantum Hall liquid","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-dimensional-electron-systems","display_name":"two-dimensional electron systems","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-probe-microscopy","display_name":"scanning probe microscopy","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoscale-electronic-structure","display_name":"nanoscale electronic structure","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryogenic-imaging","display_name":"cryogenic imaging","score":0.4059999883174896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200369452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047822","display_name":"Quantum Hall effect","level":3,"score":0.7577999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.6172999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5526000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134112204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10656","display_name":"Hall effect","level":3,"score":0.5281999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055226","display_name":"Quantum point contact","level":4,"score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145727058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269101","display_name":"Quantum spin Hall effect","level":4,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124657808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133068","display_name":"Quantum dot","level":2,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792","display_name":"Charge (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4011000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29169072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521166","display_name":"Quantum well","level":3,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3718844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844792","display_name":"Thermal Hall effect","level":4,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66870719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030113","display_name":"Fractional quantum Hall effect","level":5,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96835668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457198","display_name":"Macroscopic quantum phenomena","level":3,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86025842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358432","display_name":"Electronic structure","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40937832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111","display_name":"Electric charge","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.26440000534057617}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/32112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/32112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/32112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cond-mat/9811124","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9811124","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9811124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:392:y:1998:i:6671:d:10.1038_32112","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/32112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/9811124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/9811124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/9811124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cond-mat/9811124","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9811124","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9811124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","display_name":"Division of Materials Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01pc7k308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1592089617.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1592089617.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601700513","https://openalex.org/W1963522844","https://openalex.org/W1966372771","https://openalex.org/W1978085996","https://openalex.org/W1981723316","https://openalex.org/W1982322167","https://openalex.org/W1983491069","https://openalex.org/W1988564177","https://openalex.org/W1999791124","https://openalex.org/W2000672732","https://openalex.org/W2001129932","https://openalex.org/W2019176261","https://openalex.org/W2020933251","https://openalex.org/W2032686619","https://openalex.org/W2038356556","https://openalex.org/W2038830291","https://openalex.org/W2046059313","https://openalex.org/W2049652861","https://openalex.org/W2057595751","https://openalex.org/W2060303464","https://openalex.org/W2061000251","https://openalex.org/W2063452641","https://openalex.org/W2066562336","https://openalex.org/W2074816736","https://openalex.org/W2088736641","https://openalex.org/W2093141475","https://openalex.org/W2110482505","https://openalex.org/W2121123255","https://openalex.org/W2505024634","https://openalex.org/W4235926202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013941151","https://openalex.org/W2620889915","https://openalex.org/W2055254580","https://openalex.org/W2021867181","https://openalex.org/W2047652384","https://openalex.org/W4286856469","https://openalex.org/W2059352541","https://openalex.org/W4254496290","https://openalex.org/W1556524925","https://openalex.org/W3015120625"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}