{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1591947290","doi":null,"title":"Detecting adverse drug reactions in the general practice healthcare database","display_name":"Detecting adverse drug reactions in the general practice healthcare database","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1591947290","mag":"1591947290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:14360","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14360/1/thesis.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14360/1/thesis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14360/1/thesis.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031506291","display_name":"Jenna Reps","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-0778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-0778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jenna Reps","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-0778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031506291"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-drug-reactions","display_name":"adverse drug reactions","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacovigilance","display_name":"pharmacovigilance","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-health-improvement-network","display_name":"Health Improvement Network","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-observational-data","display_name":"longitudinal observational data","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-rate","display_name":"false positive rate","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-marketing-surveillance","display_name":"post-marketing surveillance","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-practice-records","display_name":"general practice records","score":0.4819999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57658597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550789","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance","level":3,"score":0.8031266927719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.7018395662307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.513945996761322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4681829512119293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4551610052585602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4445103704929352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.44410187005996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3454156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144241","display_name":"Side effect (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4428781569004059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95922358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432725","display_name":"False positive rate","level":2,"score":0.4304087162017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4007965624332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3916429281234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.32761579751968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30540454387664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.181338369846344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17280766367912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.10721233487129211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:14360","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14360/1/thesis.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14360/1/thesis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nottingham.ac.uk:123456789/34004","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.nottingham.ac.uk/handle/123456789/34004","pdf_url":"https://repository.nottingham.ac.uk/bitstreams/adceffa6-4349-4f58-a337-552b26494f86/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ethesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uilis.unsyiah.ac.id:15217","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/15217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196378","display_name":"UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187494767","host_organization_name":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187494767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},{"id":"mag:1591947290","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14360/1/thesis.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:14360","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14360/1/thesis.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14360/1/thesis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1591947290.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1591947290.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":186,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20088808","https://openalex.org/W34678172","https://openalex.org/W121547895","https://openalex.org/W179179905","https://openalex.org/W622569525","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1495061682","https://openalex.org/W1524031451","https://openalex.org/W1539246860","https://openalex.org/W1543432603","https://openalex.org/W1554437664","https://openalex.org/W1556507321","https://openalex.org/W1558669245","https://openalex.org/W1564583583","https://openalex.org/W1568390176","https://openalex.org/W1583082330","https://openalex.org/W1585814636","https://openalex.org/W1591422284","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1596077776","https://openalex.org/W1602699467","https://openalex.org/W1605688901","https://openalex.org/W1625504505","https://openalex.org/W1645816215","https://openalex.org/W1783190234","https://openalex.org/W1827261456","https://openalex.org/W1831050183","https://openalex.org/W1895732561","https://openalex.org/W1915143997","https://openalex.org/W1931284523","https://openalex.org/W1949467312","https://openalex.org/W1961147827","https://openalex.org/W1963784171","https://openalex.org/W1965840806","https://openalex.org/W1967862917","https://openalex.org/W1969879564","https://openalex.org/W1970618150","https://openalex.org/W1972282363","https://openalex.org/W1972750226","https://openalex.org/W1972891674","https://openalex.org/W1973948212","https://openalex.org/W1975254278","https://openalex.org/W1975557539","https://openalex.org/W1976954810","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W1978040511","https://openalex.org/W1979698089","https://openalex.org/W1982489161","https://openalex.org/W1985690171","https://openalex.org/W1986694261","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W1989986729","https://openalex.org/W1990334093","https://openalex.org/W1991567209","https://openalex.org/W1991570465","https://openalex.org/W1992419399","https://openalex.org/W1992746042","https://openalex.org/W1996806887","https://openalex.org/W1997799955","https://openalex.org/W1998255116","https://openalex.org/W2002645541","https://openalex.org/W2002830978","https://openalex.org/W2004166947","https://openalex.org/W2006459281","https://openalex.org/W2007138823","https://openalex.org/W2008342727","https://openalex.org/W2009202077","https://openalex.org/W2009890917","https://openalex.org/W2010627600","https://openalex.org/W2015487160","https://openalex.org/W2016418114","https://openalex.org/W2018346684","https://openalex.org/W2018528388","https://openalex.org/W2018844149","https://openalex.org/W2019591099","https://openalex.org/W2023294425","https://openalex.org/W2027838470","https://openalex.org/W2028811237","https://openalex.org/W2028992331","https://openalex.org/W2031248067","https://openalex.org/W2031299502","https://openalex.org/W2031358792","https://openalex.org/W2034365297","https://openalex.org/W2035064373","https://openalex.org/W2035134373","https://openalex.org/W2035138894","https://openalex.org/W2037155736","https://openalex.org/W2039594635","https://openalex.org/W2040316236","https://openalex.org/W2040356073","https://openalex.org/W2040786972","https://openalex.org/W2042665333","https://openalex.org/W2045928572","https://openalex.org/W2047081748","https://openalex.org/W2047708582","https://openalex.org/W2048435239","https://openalex.org/W2048679005","https://openalex.org/W2051730284","https://openalex.org/W2058685362","https://openalex.org/W2058837954","https://openalex.org/W2060706173","https://openalex.org/W2062112832","https://openalex.org/W2064716383","https://openalex.org/W2064790857","https://openalex.org/W2065137134","https://openalex.org/W2069381373","https://openalex.org/W2071790093","https://openalex.org/W2072393194","https://openalex.org/W2074192927","https://openalex.org/W2074289946","https://openalex.org/W2074558938","https://openalex.org/W2080656905","https://openalex.org/W2081488067","https://openalex.org/W2085074082","https://openalex.org/W2086049425","https://openalex.org/W2088562998","https://openalex.org/W2092024040","https://openalex.org/W2094068365","https://openalex.org/W2096100960","https://openalex.org/W2097089247","https://openalex.org/W2098418526","https://openalex.org/W2100004795","https://openalex.org/W2100097418","https://openalex.org/W2100805904","https://openalex.org/W2102524069","https://openalex.org/W2103873563","https://openalex.org/W2107516065","https://openalex.org/W2108995755","https://openalex.org/W2110654099","https://openalex.org/W2111296615","https://openalex.org/W2113242816","https://openalex.org/W2113584252","https://openalex.org/W2119387367","https://openalex.org/W2121827699","https://openalex.org/W2121949863","https://openalex.org/W2123089829","https://openalex.org/W2125836541","https://openalex.org/W2126550276","https://openalex.org/W2128420091","https://openalex.org/W2128481065","https://openalex.org/W2129024975","https://openalex.org/W2129378933","https://openalex.org/W2130695501","https://openalex.org/W2130728435","https://openalex.org/W2132384896","https://openalex.org/W2132886902","https://openalex.org/W2132917208","https://openalex.org/W2134089414","https://openalex.org/W2138745909","https://openalex.org/W2140076625","https://openalex.org/W2140785063","https://openalex.org/W2142572836","https://openalex.org/W2143249365","https://openalex.org/W2144080401","https://openalex.org/W2145073242","https://openalex.org/W2145123170","https://openalex.org/W2146229086","https://openalex.org/W2147172141","https://openalex.org/W2147598330","https://openalex.org/W2148303708","https://openalex.org/W2148876986","https://openalex.org/W2151160448","https://openalex.org/W2151688269","https://openalex.org/W2151916071","https://openalex.org/W2153939756","https://openalex.org/W2155653793","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2161361361","https://openalex.org/W2162708814","https://openalex.org/W2163022996","https://openalex.org/W2163757302","https://openalex.org/W2165891785","https://openalex.org/W2184813908","https://openalex.org/W2233753391","https://openalex.org/W2240211875","https://openalex.org/W2326455719","https://openalex.org/W2328176404","https://openalex.org/W2335078346","https://openalex.org/W2476212475","https://openalex.org/W2751318774","https://openalex.org/W2765962600","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W2983058157","https://openalex.org/W3023652019","https://openalex.org/W4239510810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7222379745","https://openalex.org/W3150572612","https://openalex.org/W7222380186","https://openalex.org/W7099147103","https://openalex.org/W7097796075","https://openalex.org/W107971435","https://openalex.org/W7099961405","https://openalex.org/W2051767395","https://openalex.org/W7095844137","https://openalex.org/W7096612912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18,164,197,214,274],"novel":[1,134],"contribution":[2],"of":[3,9,36,59,89,192,229,260,265,272],"this":[4,126,131],"research":[5],"is":[6,103,144,278],"the":[7,39,54,110,136,189,201,210,245,248,287],"development":[8],"a":[10,33,86,133,177,205,236,252,257,268],"supervised":[11,137,181],"algorithm":[12],"that":[13,42,146,155,200,281],"extracts":[14],"relevant":[15],"attributes":[16,173],"from":[17,148],"Health":[19,215],"Improvement":[20,216],"Network":[21,217],"database":[22],"to":[23,44,53,105,119,159,170,188,244],"detect":[24,45,160],"prescription":[25],"side":[26,30,46,73,112,150,162,195],"effects.":[27,163,196],"Prescription":[28],"drug":[29,139],"effects":[31,47,113],"are":[32,168,185],"common":[34],"cause":[35],"morbidity":[37],"throughout":[38],"world.":[40],"Methods":[41],"aim":[43],"have":[48,81,95],"historically":[49],"been":[50],"limited":[51,190],"due":[52,118,187],"data":[55],"available,":[56],"but":[57,93],"some":[58],"these":[60],"limitations":[61],"may":[62],"be":[63,157],"overcome":[64],"by":[65,115,283],"incorporating":[66],"longitudinal":[67,78,218],"observational":[68,79,219],"databases":[69,80],"into":[70,176],"pharmacovigilance.":[71],"Existing":[72],"effect":[74],"detecting":[75],"methods":[76,117,212,285],"using":[77],"shown":[82],"promise":[83],"at":[84],"becoming":[85],"fundamental":[87],"component":[88],"post":[90],"marketing":[91],"surveillance":[92],"unfortunately":[94],"high":[96,121],"false":[97,122,237,269,275],"positive":[98,123,238,270,276],"rates.":[99],"An":[100],"extra":[101],"step":[102],"required":[104],"further":[106],"analyse":[107],"and":[108,125,152,182,235,267],"filter":[109],"potential":[111],"detected":[114],"existing":[116,211,284],"their":[120,128],"rates,":[124],"reduces":[127],"efficiency.":[129],"In":[130],"thesis":[132],"methodology,":[135],"adverse":[138],"reaction":[140],"predictor":[141],"(SAP)":[142],"framework,":[143],"presented":[145],"learns":[147],"known":[149,194],"effects,":[151],"identifies":[153],"patterns":[154],"can":[156],"utilised":[158],"unknown":[161],"Bradford-Hill":[165],"causality":[166],"considerations":[167],"used":[169],"derive":[171],"suitable":[172],"as":[174],"inputs":[175],"learning":[178],"algorithm.":[179],"Both":[180],"semi-supervised":[183],"techniques":[184],"investigated":[186],"number":[191],"definitively":[193],"results":[198],"showed":[199],"SAP":[202,249],"framework":[203,250],"implementing":[204,251],"random":[206],"forest":[207],"classifier":[208],"outperformed":[209],"on":[213,286],"database,":[220],"with":[221],"AUCs":[222],"ranging":[223],"between":[224,233],"0.812-0.937,":[225],"an":[226,262],"overall":[227],"MAP":[228,258],"0.667,":[230],"precision":[231],"values":[232],"0.733-1":[234],"rate":[239,271,277],"\u2264":[240],"0.013.":[241],"When":[242],"applied":[243],"standard":[246,288],"reference":[247],"support":[253],"vector":[254],"machine":[255],"obtained":[256,282],"score":[259],"0.490,":[261],"average":[263],"AUC":[264],"0.703":[266],"0.16.":[273],"lower":[279],"than":[280],"reference.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
