{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1591725147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10671188.1956.10612856","title":"Studies of Little League and Middle League Baseball","display_name":"Studies of Little League and Middle League Baseball","publication_year":1956,"publication_date":"1956-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1591725147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10671188.1956.10612856","mag":"1591725147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10671188.1956.10612856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10671188.1956.10612856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10671188.1956.10612856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204545","display_name":"Research Quarterly American Association for Health Physical Education and Recreation","issn_l":"1067-1188","issn":["1067-1188","2326-7410","2326-7429","2576-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019813546","display_name":"Elvera Skubic","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elvera Skubic","raw_affiliation_strings":["a  University of California ,  Santa Barbara ,  California ,  USA","University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a  University of California ,  Santa Barbara ,  California ,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019813546"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"97","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13488","display_name":"Sports and Physical Education Studies","score":0.40529999136924744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3319","display_name":"Life-span and Life-course Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13488","display_name":"Sports and Physical Education Studies","score":0.40529999136924744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3319","display_name":"Life-span and Life-course Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.20180000364780426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.0982000008225441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/little-league-baseball","display_name":"Little League baseball","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-baseball","display_name":"youth baseball","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-perceptions","display_name":"parental attitudes","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/player-attitudes","display_name":"player attitudes","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/team-selection","display_name":"team selection","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-injuries","display_name":"sports injuries","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finger-injuries","display_name":"finger injuries","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-abilities","display_name":"motor abilities","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-adjustment","display_name":"social adaptation","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-sports-participation","display_name":"competitive sports participation","score":0.375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207456731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660818","display_name":"League","level":2,"score":0.9768292903900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6075026392936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.5850046277046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3279227912425995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.19590726494789124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.10823601484298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.062353044748306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10671188.1956.10612856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10671188.1956.10612856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10671188.1956.10612856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204545","display_name":"Research Quarterly American Association for Health Physical Education and Recreation","issn_l":"1067-1188","issn":["1067-1188","2326-7410","2326-7429","2576-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W320449591","https://openalex.org/W2303663138","https://openalex.org/W2313267454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092066521","https://openalex.org/W4205376776","https://openalex.org/W4387611358","https://openalex.org/W4205787884","https://openalex.org/W7095909263","https://openalex.org/W2936423642","https://openalex.org/W605380504","https://openalex.org/W2320950316","https://openalex.org/W2945607135","https://openalex.org/W2616424649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"reports":[2],"the":[3,9,23,30,107,119,133,139,162],"results":[4,45],"of":[5,11,25,32,40,75,83,89,110,152],"four":[6],"questionnaires":[7],"concerning":[8],"attitudes":[10],"parents":[12,137],"and":[13,18,29,62,67,115,118,135],"players":[14,26,36,79,105],"toward":[15],"Little":[16,103],"League":[17,20,104],"Middle":[19,120],"competitive":[21],"baseball,":[22],"selection":[24],"for":[27,86],"teams,":[28],"extent":[31],"injuries":[33,85,111],"received":[34,106],"by":[35,97],"during":[37],"one":[38,87],"season":[39,88],"participation":[41],"in":[42,55,99,132,161],"baseball.":[43,90],"The":[44,91,102],"indicated":[46],"that":[47,146],"boys":[48,70,98,148],"chosen":[49],"on":[50],"teams":[51,153],"show":[52],"greater":[53,59],"achievement":[54],"school":[56],"subjects,":[57],"possess":[58],"motor":[60],"ability":[61],"are":[63,72],"better":[64],"adjusted":[65],"socially":[66],"emotionally":[68],"than":[69],"who":[71,149],"not":[73,155],"members":[74,151],"teams.":[76],"One":[77],"hundred":[78],"reported":[80],"a":[81,157],"total":[82],"244":[84],"fingers":[92],"were":[93,122,150],"injured":[94,123],"most":[95,124],"frequently":[96,125],"both":[100],"leagues.":[101],"greatest":[108],"number":[109],"while":[112,126],"fielding":[113],"batted":[114],"thrown":[116],"balls,":[117],"Leaguers":[121],"sliding":[127],"to":[128,159],"bases.":[129],"Boys":[130],"participating":[131],"program":[134,140],"their":[136],"approved":[138],"wholeheartedly.":[141],"Their":[142],"main":[143],"criticism":[144],"was":[145],"many":[147],"did":[154],"get":[156],"chance":[158],"play":[160],"games.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}