{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1591367451","doi":null,"title":"Physician-assisted suicide: three crucial distinctions.","display_name":"Physician-assisted suicide: three crucial distinctions.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1591367451","mag":"1591367451","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12455517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12455517","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12455517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Fordham urban law journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043588046","display_name":"Norton Spritz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N Spritz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043588046"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1409489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"869","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.6431000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.6431000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13340","display_name":"Palliative and Oncologic Care","score":0.14640000462532043,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10177","display_name":"Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues","score":0.13699999451637268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-assisted-suicide","display_name":"physician-assisted suicide","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euthanasia","display_name":"euthanasia","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/withholding-and-withdrawing-life-sustaining-treatment","display_name":"withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slippery-slope-argument","display_name":"slippery slope argument","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dying-patients","display_name":"dying patients","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-suffering","display_name":"patient suffering","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-ethics","display_name":"medical ethics","score":0.5799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779173956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876455","display_name":"Slippery slope","level":2,"score":0.764267086982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018228033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364787","display_name":"Terminally ill","level":3,"score":0.6680663228034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6507893800735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017957026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689846","display_name":"Assisted suicide","level":2,"score":0.5811997652053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781163912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2044946","display_name":"Right to die","level":2,"score":0.5166009664535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017671352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689846","display_name":"Physician assisted suicide","level":2,"score":0.4947297275066376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46166756749153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.36319440603256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.36148208379745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3479820787906647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994186709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29483","display_name":"Palliative care","level":2,"score":0.2856888771057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.28486114740371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.22180238366127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.18734240531921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005066","descriptor_name":"Euthanasia, Passive","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005066","descriptor_name":"Euthanasia, Passive","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012297","descriptor_name":"Right to Die","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012297","descriptor_name":"Right to Die","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016743","descriptor_name":"Mental Competency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017236","descriptor_name":"Suicide, Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017236","descriptor_name":"Suicide, Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019452","descriptor_name":"Terminally Ill","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D028601","descriptor_name":"Euthanasia, Active","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D028601","descriptor_name":"Euthanasia, Active","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035521","descriptor_name":"Supreme Court Decisions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035761","descriptor_name":"Wedge Argument","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12455517","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12455517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Fordham urban law journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lawnet.fordham.edu:ulj-2177","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ulj/vol24/iss4/16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196678","display_name":"FLASH - Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship & History (Fordham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I164389053","host_organization_name":"Fordham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fordham Urban Law Journal","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/904126","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Physician-Assisted+Suicide:+Three+Crucial+Distinctions&title=Fordham+Urban+Law+Journal+&volume=24&issue=4&spage=869-880&date=1997-06&au=Spritz,+Norton","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:177846","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:1591367451","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12455517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4236437822","https://openalex.org/W2745352088","https://openalex.org/W2394498451","https://openalex.org/W1580284390","https://openalex.org/W2185490539","https://openalex.org/W1989370953","https://openalex.org/W2335840599","https://openalex.org/W3196145846","https://openalex.org/W1967340189","https://openalex.org/W1603912838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,59,126],"Part":[1,60],"I":[2],"discusses":[3],"whether":[4,65,113],"there":[5,200],"is":[6,105,137],"a":[7,69,75,87,111,127,187,212,221],"sustainable":[8],"distinction":[9,70],"between":[10,71],"withholding":[11],"or":[12,80,156,192],"withdrawing":[13],"life-sustaining":[14],"measures":[15],"and":[16,45,54,86,109,142,167,224,236],"physician-assisted":[17,103,175,209],"suicide.":[18,176],"By":[19],"segregating":[20],"those":[21,172],"who":[22,173],"choose":[23],"to":[24,77,118,163,215,249,257],"end":[25,216],"their":[26],"lives":[27],"into":[28],"two":[29],"groups,":[30],"albeit":[31],"with":[32,148,232,253],"considerable":[33],"overlap,":[34],"the":[35,51,62,72,91,99,119,149,165,178,182,196,233,246,254],"state":[36],"can":[37,67,115],"exert":[38],"its":[39,218,225],"general":[40],"interest":[41,53],"in":[42,84,93,131],"preserving":[43,238],"life":[44,136,237],"preventing":[46],"suicide":[47,85,104,210],"where":[48],"it":[49,114,244],"has":[50],"greatest":[52],"justification":[55],"for":[56,189,207],"doing":[57],"so.":[58],"II,":[61],"author":[63,100,179,197],"explores":[64],"we":[66],"maintain":[68],"right":[73,223],"of":[74,90,96,135,154,240],"patient":[76,128,252],"have":[78],"his":[79,155],"her":[81,157],"physician":[82,92],"assist":[83],"direct":[88],"role":[89,239],"various":[94],"forms":[95],"euthanasia.":[97],"Next,":[98,177],"discusses,":[101],"once":[102],"defined":[106],"as":[107,110,139,186,220],"acceptable":[108],"right,":[112,144],"be":[116,161,230],"limited":[117],"terminally":[120,204],"ill,":[121],"competent,":[122],"intractably":[123],"suffering":[124,158],"patient.":[125],"care":[129,255],"structure":[130],"which":[132],"purposeful":[133],"ending":[134],"accepted":[138],"an":[140],"ethical":[141,191],"constitutional":[143,222],"limitations":[145],"that":[146],"conflict":[147],"individual":[150,203],"patient\u2019s":[151],"own":[152],"sense":[153],"will":[159],"not":[160,229],"able":[162],"shape":[164],"ordered":[166],"regulated":[168],"system":[169],"envisioned":[170],"by":[171],"support":[174],"takes":[180],"on":[181],"\u201cslippery":[183],"slope\u201d":[184],"argument":[185],"method":[188],"making":[190],"legal":[193],"judgments.":[194],"Finally,":[195],"concludes":[198],"while":[199],"are":[201],"certainly":[202],"ill":[205],"patients":[206],"whom":[208],"provides":[211],"reasonable":[213],"mechanism":[214],"suffering,":[217],"establishment":[219],"widespread":[226],"application":[227],"would":[228,243],"consistent":[231],"fundamental":[234],"healing":[235],"medicine":[241],"nor":[242],"enhance":[245],"crucial":[247],"effort":[248],"provide":[250],"each":[251],"necessary":[256],"minimize":[258],"suffering.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}