{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1591084095","doi":null,"title":"From Bridges and Rockets, Lessons for Software Systems","display_name":"From Bridges and Rockets, Lessons for Software Systems","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1591084095","mag":"1591084095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20040086631","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040086631","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040086631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402118","display_name":"NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040086631","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110303265","display_name":"C. Michael Holloway","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319063186","display_name":"Langley Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0399mhs52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C.M. Holloway","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110303265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9037,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91377433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.8130000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.8130000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.17020000517368317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tacoma-narrows-bridge-collapse","display_name":"Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-shuttle-challenger-disaster","display_name":"Space Shuttle Challenger accident","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-verification-and-validation","display_name":"software verification and validation","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-safety","display_name":"software safety","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-critical-systems","display_name":"safety-critical systems","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-control","display_name":"software control","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-failures","display_name":"engineering failures","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"software development","score":0.5590000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6055760383605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.598271369934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5486156344413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.49712827801704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46279099583625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.45696160197257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40598613023757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4045407772064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20040086631","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040086631","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040086631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402118","display_name":"NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.31.3854","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.31.3854","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://techreports.larc.nasa.gov/ltrs/PDF/1999/mtg/NASA-99-17issc-cmh.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.39.6756","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.39.6756","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://atb-www.larc.nasa.gov/~cmh/ISSC99/cmh-issc-lessons.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1591084095","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://shemesh.larc.nasa.gov/fm/papers/Holloway-Bridges-Rockets.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20040086631","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040086631","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040086631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402118","display_name":"NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1591084095.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1591084095.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33194414","https://openalex.org/W1486356755","https://openalex.org/W1588904986","https://openalex.org/W1968643848","https://openalex.org/W2011787799","https://openalex.org/W2027911660","https://openalex.org/W2036391486","https://openalex.org/W2037006061","https://openalex.org/W2049704651","https://openalex.org/W2050782696","https://openalex.org/W2054129954","https://openalex.org/W2100505193","https://openalex.org/W2115179079","https://openalex.org/W2122253789","https://openalex.org/W2126320823","https://openalex.org/W2146722262","https://openalex.org/W2147859364","https://openalex.org/W2154774499","https://openalex.org/W2284290902","https://openalex.org/W3044814939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W31326130","https://openalex.org/W2009151551","https://openalex.org/W6950392544","https://openalex.org/W4378373500","https://openalex.org/W7154085607","https://openalex.org/W2111278032","https://openalex.org/W2254198304","https://openalex.org/W1991627037","https://openalex.org/W1967097921","https://openalex.org/W2113625732"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"differences":[1],"exist":[2,18],"between":[3],"building":[4,8],"software":[5,20,61,77,109],"systems":[6,113],"and":[7,14,47,73,104],"physical":[9],"structures":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"bridges":[13],"rockets,":[15],"enough":[16],"similarities":[17],"that":[19],"engineers":[21],"can":[22],"learn":[23],"lessons":[24,34,59],"from":[25,35],"failures":[26],"in":[27,45,55],"traditional":[28],"engineering":[29],"disciplines.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"draws":[33],"two":[36],"well-known":[37],"failures---the":[38],"collapse":[39],"of":[40,50,75,91,108],"the":[41,48,51,71,94,98,106],"Tacoma":[42],"Narrows":[43],"Bridge":[44],"1940":[46],"destruction":[49],"space":[52],"shuttle":[53],"Challenger":[54],"1986---and":[56],"applies":[57],"these":[58],"to":[60,96],"system":[62,78],"development.":[63],"The":[64],"following":[65],"specific":[66],"applications":[67],"are":[68],"made:":[69],"(1)":[70],"verification":[72],"validation":[74],"a":[76,84,88],"should":[79,101,114],"not":[80],"be":[81,102,115],"based":[82],"on":[83],"single":[85,89],"method,":[86],"or":[87],"style":[90],"methods;":[92],"(2)":[93],"tendency":[95],"embrace":[97],"latest":[99],"fad":[100],"overcome;":[103],"(3)":[105],"introduction":[107],"control":[110],"into":[111],"safety-critical":[112],"done":[116],"cautiously.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
