{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1591077134","doi":null,"title":"What Citizens Know Depends on How You Ask Them: Experiments on Time, Money and Political Knowledge","display_name":"What Citizens Know Depends on How You Ask Them: Experiments on Time, Money and Political Knowledge","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1591077134","mag":"1591077134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wpa:wuwpex:0510001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econwpa.ub.uni-muenchen.de/econ-wp/exp/papers/0510/0510001.pdf","pdf_url":"https://econwpa.ub.uni-muenchen.de/econ-wp/exp/papers/0510/0510001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023234142","display_name":"Markus Prior","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1437-4751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1437-4751"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Prior","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1437-4751","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019344066","display_name":"Arthur Lupia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1125","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1125"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur Lupia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1125","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.035999998450279236,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13030","display_name":"Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-knowledge","display_name":"political knowledge","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-time-psychology","display_name":"reaction time (psychology)","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-incentives","display_name":"financial incentives","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/questionnaire-development","display_name":"questionnaire development","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-ended-questions","display_name":"open-ended questions","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-error","display_name":"measurement error","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90329073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914232","display_name":"Ask price","level":2,"score":0.7309844493865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7030087113380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6323976516723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5868468284606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5596400499343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5550998449325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5506930351257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100480397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836899","display_name":"Treatment and control groups","level":2,"score":0.48898422718048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4760417938232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45812639594078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3612362742424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3131228983402252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19972607493400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12404721975326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11092457175254822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08163535594940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0770343542098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.06864261627197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wpa:wuwpex:0510001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econwpa.ub.uni-muenchen.de/econ-wp/exp/papers/0510/0510001.pdf","pdf_url":"https://econwpa.ub.uni-muenchen.de/econ-wp/exp/papers/0510/0510001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:1591077134","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:wpa:wuwpex:0510001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3145740404","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/wpa/wuwpex/0510001.html","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199238147","https://openalex.org/W1509850333","https://openalex.org/W1537094955","https://openalex.org/W1600566067","https://openalex.org/W1971213049","https://openalex.org/W1998328777","https://openalex.org/W2030398623","https://openalex.org/W2068698757","https://openalex.org/W2105705711","https://openalex.org/W2109097301","https://openalex.org/W2112665044","https://openalex.org/W2122028729","https://openalex.org/W2129085718","https://openalex.org/W2153970289","https://openalex.org/W2161923363","https://openalex.org/W2168112513","https://openalex.org/W2185974357","https://openalex.org/W2324427833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1898398163","https://openalex.org/W2135279551","https://openalex.org/W7096067858","https://openalex.org/W859158725","https://openalex.org/W136266539","https://openalex.org/W4385009129","https://openalex.org/W2297641318","https://openalex.org/W2012163745","https://openalex.org/W7098466934","https://openalex.org/W2051785221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Surveys":[0],"provide":[1],"widely":[2],"cited":[3],"measures":[4],"of":[5,11,24,37,60,115,132],"political":[6],"knowledge.":[7],"Do":[8],"unusual":[9],"aspects":[10],"survey":[12,48],"interviews":[13],"affect":[14],"these":[15],"measures?":[16],"An":[17],"experiment":[18],"on":[19,118],"a":[20,46,57,67],"nationally":[21],"representative":[22],"sample":[23],"over":[25],"1200":[26],"Americans":[27],"provides":[28],"an":[29],"answer.":[30],"Respondents":[31,50],"are":[32,55,97],"randomly":[33],"assigned":[34],"to":[35,64],"one":[36],"four":[38],"groups.":[39],"A":[40],"control":[41,104],"group":[42],"answers":[43],"questions":[44,73],"in":[45,51,62,93,102,112],"typical":[47],"context.":[49],"three":[52],"treatment":[53,95],"groups":[54,96],"given":[56],"longer":[58],"window":[59],"time":[61],"which":[63],"answer":[65],"questions,":[66],"small":[68],"monetary":[69],"incentive":[70],"for":[71,82],"answering":[72],"correctly,":[74],"or":[75],"both.":[76],"These":[77],"variations":[78],"increase":[79],"performance":[80],"significantly":[81],"almost":[83],"every":[84],"knowledge":[85,91],"question":[86],"we":[87],"asked.":[88],"Overall,":[89],"average":[90],"scores":[92],"the":[94,103,113],"11-24":[98],"percent":[99],"higher":[100],"than":[101],"group.":[105],"The":[106,121],"treatments":[107],"also":[108],"cause":[109],"significant":[110],"reductions":[111],"magnitude":[114],"respondents\u2019":[116],"errors":[117],"open-ended":[119],"questions.":[120],"findings":[122],"imply":[123],"that":[124],"new":[125],"elicitation":[126],"strategies":[127],"can":[128],"improve":[129],"our":[130],"understanding":[131],"what":[133],"citizens":[134],"know":[135],"about":[136],"politics":[137],"and":[138],"other":[139],"socially":[140],"relevant":[141],"phenomena.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}