{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1590565331","doi":null,"title":"Laboratories of Bigotry? Devolution of the Immigration Power, Equal Protection, and Federalism","display_name":"Laboratories of Bigotry? Devolution of the Immigration Power, Equal Protection, and Federalism","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1590565331","mag":"1590565331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1590565331","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1940&context=fss_papers","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1940&context=fss_papers","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002607651","display_name":"Michael J. Wishnie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Wishnie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale Law School ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Law School ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002607651"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13694","display_name":"Immigration Law and Human Rights","score":0.8651999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13694","display_name":"Immigration Law and Human Rights","score":0.8651999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.07530000060796738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration-law","display_name":"immigration law","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federalism","display_name":"federalism","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equal-protection","display_name":"equal protection","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-deference","display_name":"judicial deference","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-regulation","display_name":"border regulation","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heightened-scrutiny","display_name":"heightened scrutiny","score":0.3700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533735693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204886","display_name":"Federalism","level":3,"score":0.6839907169342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360","display_name":"Scrutiny","level":2,"score":0.6693865656852722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.6627601981163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780597233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396568","display_name":"Deference","level":2,"score":0.6465317010879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6425080299377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6007017493247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71043370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4932206","display_name":"Jurisprudence","level":2,"score":0.5888004302978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190542761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904637","display_name":"Devolution (biology)","level":3,"score":0.5760820508003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186229450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008","display_name":"Sovereignty","level":3,"score":0.5630593299865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5492250919342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204207695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231147","display_name":"Immigration law","level":3,"score":0.5306654572486877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5296599268913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48764862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898871","display_name":"Judicial review","level":2,"score":0.46759268641471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4322461783885956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111141941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218719","display_name":"Immigration policy","level":3,"score":0.42570409178733826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780900520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100268981","display_name":"Denial","level":2,"score":0.41300496459007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28525373339653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1240883469581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185554395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83944","display_name":"Human evolution","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1590565331","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1940&context=fss_papers","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.law.yale.edu:fss_papers-1940","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarship Series","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:1590565331","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1940&context=fss_papers","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512056314","https://openalex.org/W1516034280","https://openalex.org/W4405363553","https://openalex.org/W2141770521","https://openalex.org/W2212306057","https://openalex.org/W1513531515","https://openalex.org/W6991862276","https://openalex.org/W4377037272","https://openalex.org/W2067250899","https://openalex.org/W2233179170"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,54,73],"Article,":[2],"Professor":[3,95],"Michael":[4],"Wishnie":[5,96],"addresses":[6],"the":[7,19,25,32,41,45,57,89,106,113,120,134],"current":[8],"pressing":[9],"problem":[10],"of":[11,13,27,35,92,101,149],"denial":[12],"benefits":[14],"to":[15,47,56,82,87,105,125,139,158],"legal":[16],"inunigrants":[17],"under":[18,146],"1996":[20,114],"Welfare":[21],"Reform":[22],"Act":[23],"in":[24,112,133],"context":[26],"a":[28],"deeper":[29],"inquiry":[30],"into":[31,61],"very":[33],"heart":[34],"immigration":[36,104,127],"law:":[37],"From":[38],"where":[39],"does":[40],"federal":[42,79,126],"government":[43],"derive":[44],"power":[46,55],"regulate":[48],"its":[49],"borders?":[50],"Can":[51],"Congress":[52],"devolve":[53],"states?":[58],"Looking":[59],"deeply":[60],"jurisprudence":[62],"and":[63,80],"tertual":[64],"sources,":[65],"as":[66,68,109],"well":[67],"history,":[69],"he":[70],"ascertains":[71],"that":[72,81,98,110],"autdority":[74],"always":[75],"has":[76],"been":[77],"exclusively":[78],"permit":[83],"devolution":[84,100],"would":[85],"be":[86,144],"contradict":[88],"entire":[90],"notion":[91],"sovereignty.":[93],"Titus,":[94],"concludes":[97],"any":[99,130],"authority":[102],"over":[103],"states,":[107],"such":[108],"contained":[111],"welfare":[115],"reforms,":[116],"may":[117],"not":[118],"receive":[119],"judicial":[121],"deference":[122],"traditionally":[123],"granted":[124],"law.":[128],"Instead,":[129],"state":[131,152],"exercise":[132],"inmmigration":[135],"arena,":[136],"even":[137],"pursuant":[138],"Congress's":[140],"explicit":[141],"approval,":[142],"must":[143],"evaluated":[145],"thirty":[147],"years":[148],"precedent":[150],"subjecting":[151],"discrimination":[153],"against":[154],"permanent":[155],"resident":[156],"aliens":[157],"heightened":[159],"scrutiny.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}