{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1590436613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20564","title":"Defining a session on Web search engines","display_name":"Defining a session on Web search engines","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1590436613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20564","mag":"1590436613"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/asi.20564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80113298","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"1532-2882","issn":["1532-2882","1532-2890"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044849571","display_name":"Bernard J. Jim Jansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6468-6609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6468-6609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bernard J. Jansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, 329F IST Building, University Park, PA 16802","College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, 329F IST Building, University Park, PA 16802#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, 329F IST Building, University Park, PA 16802","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, 329F IST Building, University Park, PA 16802#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108224935","display_name":"Amanda H. Spink","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Spink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, 2 George Street, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, 2 George Street, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007795000","display_name":"Chris Blakely","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9503-9797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9503-9797"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chris Blakely","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infospace, Inc.\u2013Search & Directory, 601 108th Avenue NE, Suite 1200, Bellevue, WA 98004"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infospace, Inc.\u2013Search & Directory, 601 108th Avenue NE, Suite 1200, Bellevue, WA 98004","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020814871","display_name":"Sherry Koshman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sherry Koshman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 610 IS Building, 135 N. Bellefield Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 610 IS Building, 135 N. Bellefield Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007795000","https://openalex.org/A5020814871","https://openalex.org/A5044849571","https://openalex.org/A5108224935"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515","https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.8285,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":174,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98919239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"6","first_page":"862","last_page":"871"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-reformulation","display_name":"query rewriting","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engines","display_name":"search engines","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cookies","display_name":"cookies","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-modification","display_name":"query modification","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session-duration","display_name":"session duration","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unique-visitors","display_name":"unique visitors","score":0.8569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.8628200888633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8006912469863892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6189430952072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5731668472290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.5577716827392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.5366498827934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5257214903831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.46054524183273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.4019858241081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3412792980670929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3209686577320099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/asi.20564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80113298","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"1532-2882","issn":["1532-2882","1532-2890"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533748861","https://openalex.org/W1547324486","https://openalex.org/W1563730220","https://openalex.org/W1967524371","https://openalex.org/W1969340322","https://openalex.org/W1982889956","https://openalex.org/W1982896842","https://openalex.org/W1983305247","https://openalex.org/W1985844568","https://openalex.org/W1989771757","https://openalex.org/W1993006466","https://openalex.org/W1993547771","https://openalex.org/W2006672970","https://openalex.org/W2009142739","https://openalex.org/W2021331157","https://openalex.org/W2025204671","https://openalex.org/W2037553621","https://openalex.org/W2064522604","https://openalex.org/W2096385255","https://openalex.org/W2098526614","https://openalex.org/W2099513082","https://openalex.org/W2101171038","https://openalex.org/W2109101655","https://openalex.org/W2112769706","https://openalex.org/W2115766295","https://openalex.org/W2116770693","https://openalex.org/W2119388331","https://openalex.org/W2124449410","https://openalex.org/W2127713077","https://openalex.org/W2145734075","https://openalex.org/W2149397822","https://openalex.org/W2154498027","https://openalex.org/W2154724067","https://openalex.org/W2157551792","https://openalex.org/W2163958191","https://openalex.org/W2167982713","https://openalex.org/W2170714116","https://openalex.org/W4254879987"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115387555","https://openalex.org/W2382470392","https://openalex.org/W7095127020","https://openalex.org/W2042986168","https://openalex.org/W3125048696","https://openalex.org/W2359060460","https://openalex.org/W2114720445","https://openalex.org/W2205491092","https://openalex.org/W7097581338","https://openalex.org/W1505180688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Detecting":[1],"query":[2,46,64,139,150,202,205,211,254],"reformulations":[3],"within":[4],"a":[5,8,126,230],"session":[6,79,94,111,180,190],"by":[7,31,149,203],"Web":[9,251],"searcher":[10],"is":[11],"an":[12,165],"important":[13],"area":[14],"of":[15,40,59,78,93,103,171,174,209,237,250],"research":[16,241],"for":[17,76,91,222],"designing":[18],"more":[19,247],"helpful":[20],"searching":[21,224,252,262],"systems":[22],"and":[23,52,87,118,125,132,138,157,187,256],"targeting":[24],"content":[25],"to":[26,43,62,259],"particular":[27],"users.":[28],"Methods":[29],"explored":[30],"other":[32],"researchers":[33],"include":[34],"both":[35],"qualitative":[36],"(i.e.,":[37],"the":[38,160,169,175,178,188,234,246],"use":[39],"human":[41],"judges":[42],"manually":[44],"analyze":[45],"patterns":[47],"on":[48,105,129,245],"usually":[49],"small":[50],"samples)":[51],"nondeterministic":[53],"algorithms,":[54],"typically":[55],"using":[56,113],"large":[57],"amounts":[58],"training":[60],"data":[61],"predict":[63],"modification":[65],"during":[66],"sessions.":[67,172],"In":[68],"this":[69],"article,":[70],"we":[71],"explore":[72],"three":[73,82,185],"alternative":[74],"methods":[75,83],"detection":[77,92],"boundaries.":[80],"All":[81],"are":[84,220],"computationally":[85],"straightforward":[86],"therefore":[88],"easily":[89],"implemented":[90],"changes.":[95],"We":[96,109],"examine":[97],"2,465,145":[98],"interactions":[99],"from":[100],"534,507":[101],"users":[102],"Dogpile.com":[104],"May":[106],"6,":[107],"2005.":[108],"compare":[110],"analysis":[112,144],"(a)":[114],"Internet":[115,121,134,154],"Protocol":[116,122,135,155],"address":[117,156],"cookie;":[119],"(b)":[120],"address,":[123,136],"cookie,":[124,137],"temporal":[127],"limit":[128],"intrasession":[130],"interactions;":[131],"(c)":[133],"reformulation":[140,151],"patterns.":[141],"Overall,":[142],"our":[143],"shows":[145],"that":[146,221],"defining":[147],"sessions":[148,227],"along":[152],"with":[153],"cookie":[158],"provides":[159],"best":[161],"measure,":[162],"resulting":[163],"in":[164,168,261],"82%":[166],"increase":[167],"count":[170],"Regardless":[173],"method":[176],"used,":[177],"mean":[179,189],"length":[181],"was":[182,192],"fewer":[183],"than":[184,194,214,233],"queries,":[186],"duration":[191],"less":[193],"30":[195],"min.":[196],"Searchers":[197],"most":[198],"often":[199],"modified":[200],"their":[201],"changing":[204],"terms":[206],"(nearly":[207],"23%":[208],"all":[210],"modifications)":[212],"rather":[213],"adding":[215],"or":[216],"deleting":[217],"terms.":[218],"Implications":[219],"measuring":[223],"traffic,":[225],"unique":[226,238],"may":[228,257],"be":[229],"better":[231],"indicator":[232],"common":[235],"metric":[236],"visitors.":[239],"This":[240],"also":[242],"sheds":[243],"light":[244],"complex":[248],"aspects":[249],"involving":[253],"modifications":[255],"lead":[258],"advances":[260],"tools.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
